The Louisiana sun beat down on Whitney\'s head as she and her classmates cleared
ID: 100597 • Letter: T
Question
The Louisiana sun beat down on Whitney's head as she and her classmates cleared rubble around what used to be their college's courtyard before the hurricane. Her shirt was soaked with sweat, and she kept having to wipe her forehead as sweat dripped into her eyes. Whitney knew she should be drinking more water, but the cooler was on the bus-two blocks away. She just didn't have the energy to face that walk. "We'll be finished in just another hour, " she thought. As she bent down to pick up a cement block, she suddenly felt dizzy and sat down quickly. What is your best diagnosis tor Whitney's condition? a. Hypervolemia b. Ascites c. Hypovolemia d. Hypokalemia Whitney's teacher rushed over, felt her skin and pulse and said, "You haven't been drinking any water today, have your?" What would be the best fluid to give Whitney now? a. Distilled water b. Cold beer c. Cold soda d. A sports drink What two hormones will be released to compensate for Whitney's condition? a. ADH and aldosterone b. Estrogen and renin c. Aldosterone and TSH d. Renin and anginaExplanation / Answer
Answer 3 (A). Water balance is maintained in body by kidneys. Kidney compensates for the increase or decrease in water content of the body. if the water content of the body is reduced monitored by plasmaosmolality such as in this case, dehydrated person stimulates hypothalamus to release Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from pituitary gland causing renal tubules to absorp water from urine thereby increasing water content in the blood plasma.
Another mechanism by which the body responds to thirt, dehydratioin is by the renin-angiotensin system. during dehydration angiotensin-II stimulates thirst which in turn stimulates release of Aldosterone hormone from adrenal glands. Aldosterone causes increase in sodium reabsorption by dital tubules of nephrone of kidneys. Increase in sodium uptake causes increase in water resorption thereby increasing the water content in blood plasma thereby the compensates for the decraese in water content in the body by releasing ADH and Aldosterone.
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