When cancer cells have metastasized, these cells are no longer confined to the a

Question

When cancer cells have metastasized, these cells are no longer confined to the a) true b) false If you see multinucleated cells in a striated muscle slide, then the section must be from a) cardiac muscle b) smooth muscle c) skeletal muscle A decrease in blood calcium levels below normal would result in _____ in PTH level a) no change b) a decrease c) an increase The protein product of normal BRCA1 gene interfaces with p53 a) and the result can be a protein complex that is involved in DNA repair b) and can result in increased cancer in breast tissue c) and plays no role during the cell cycle

Explanation / Answer

37. Skeletal muscle

Muscle tissues are of three types – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Of these, skeletal muscle is composed of long striated muscle fibres which are multi-nucleated.

38. an increase

A normal level of serum calcium is 2.25-2.5 mmol/L. Calcium is essential for the normal functioning of cells. In hypocalcaemia, there is a reduction in this calcium level. This reduction stimulates release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases renal calcium absorption and increases activation of Vitamin D which leads to an increase in intestinal calcium absorption, thus restoring serum calcium levels.

39. The result can be a protein complex involved in DNA repair.

BRCA1 regulates different cellular processes through transcriptional coactivation. p53 codes for a protein that regulates cell cycle or activates DNA repair proteins. BRCA1 acts as a coactivator for p53 by interacting with its C terminus. This inturn regulates transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Eg- In DNA repair, XPE and XPC protein complexes are transcriptionally regulated by p53 and BRCA1 gene products.

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