The Nitronium ion is an electrophile. Nitration of t-butyl benzene produces orth
ID: 1012728 • Letter: T
Question
The Nitronium ion is an electrophile. Nitration of t-butyl benzene produces ortho-substituted product, predominantly. Nitration of toluene in mixed acid produces 4% meta-substituted product. An alkyl-substituted benzene tends to produce an oriented pi-complex with an electrophile. Define the following: Static effect- Sigma complex- Pi complex- ortho- meta- para- What is the advantage of using Nitronium fluoborate over mixed acid in nitration reactions? If the nitration rate of mesitylene is 10 times that of toluene, the initial intermediate is a. A sigma-complex b. A pi-complexExplanation / Answer
Q.1: Nitronium ion (NO2+) being a cation is electron deficient. Hence nitronium ion is attracted towards electrons and acts as an electrophile. Hence this statement is True.
Q.2: t-butyl being an activating group is o/p - directing. At the same time it is a bulky group preventing the substitution at ortho - position. Hence para-substituted product is formed as the major product. Hence this statement is False.
Q.3: Nitration of toluene in mixed acid produces 4% meta substituted product. True
Q.4: False
Q.5: When two atoms or group of atoms come closer to each other, energy is lost due to overlapping of electron cloud. This results a change in the shape and reactivity of the compound called steric effect.
Q.6: During electrophilic aromatic substitution the carbocation intermediate formed after the attack of the electrophile to Pi-electron of benzene ring is called sigma - complex.
Q.7: Pi - complex is formed due to donation of Pi - electron to an electron deficient atom or group.
Q.8: In a monosubstituted benzene the position next to the attached group on iether side in benzene ring is called ortho-position.
Q.9: In a monosubstituted benzene the position next to the ortho-position on either side is called meta - position.
Q.10: In a monosubstituted benzene the position next to the meta-position on either side is called para - position.
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