(show all your works and please do all questions from part a to part d. Thanks f

Question

(show all your works and please do all questions from part a to part d. Thanks for anyone who help me for all questions below b/c it is long questions)

a. list an example of each of the following:

monodentate ligand

bidentatel igand

tridentate ligand

hexadentate ligand

b. define the term "oxidation number" or "oxidation state"

c. why is the +2 oxidation state so common among transition element compounds

d. for each of the following compounds, write the oxidation number for the transition metal: [CO(NH3)5Cl](NO3)2, Na4CoO4, Na2[Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4], CS2[CuF4], CS2CuF6, Ca2[Fe(CN)6], RB2FeO4, K3[Mn(CN)6], K4[Mn(CN)6], NaMnO4, BaNiO3, K2[Ni(CN)4], K4[Ni2(CN)6], Na2[PtCl4], TaCl5

Explanation / Answer

a. Monodentate: Cl-

bidentate: ethylene diamine

tridentate: diethylenetriamine

hexadentate: ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA)

b. Oxidation state/number: It is defined by a number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative) by an atom of that element in the compound. That is, the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.

Each atom that participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction is assigned an oxidation number that reflects its ability to acquire, donate, or share electrons. The iron ion Fe3+, for example, has an oxidation number of +3 because it can acquire three electrons to form a chemical bond, while the oxygen ion O2 has an oxidation number of 2 because it can donate two electrons.

c. The generic form of transition elements is (n-1)d 1-10 ns2 i.e. when required, the first 2 electrons get reomoved from the lowest energy 4s orbitals to give the stable electronic configuration. That is why (+2) oxidation state is so common among transition elements.

d. [Co(NH3)5Cl](NO3)2 ---> Co (+3)

Na4CoO4 --> Co (+4)

Na2[Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4] -->Cr (+2)

Cs2[CuF4], ---> Cu (+2)

Cs2CuF6 ---> Cu (+4)

Ca2[Fe(CN)6] --> Fe (+2)

Rb2FeO4 --> Fe (+6)

K3[Mn(CN)6] --> Mn(+3)

K4[Mn(CN)6] --> Mn (+2)

NaMnO4 --> Mn (+7)

BaNiO3 --> Ni (+4)

K2[Ni(CN)4] --> Ni (+2)

K4[Ni2(CN)6] --> Ni (+1)

Na2[PtCl4] --> Pt (+2)

TaCl5 --> Ta (+5)

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