What effect does an increase in pressure have on each of the following systems a

Question

What effect does an increase in pressure have on each of the following systems at equilibrium? The temperature is kept constant and. in each cash, the reactants are in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. A(s) 2B (g) 2A(l) B (g) A(s) B (g) A(g) B (g) A(g) 2B (G) Consider the equilibrium 2I(g) I_2(g) What would be the effect on the position of equilibrium of (a) increasing the total pressure on the system by decreasing its volume; adding gaseous I_2 to the reaction mixture; and (c) decreasing the temperature at constant volume? Consider the following equilibrium process: PCI_5(g) PCl_3(g) + Cl_2(S) delta H degree = 92.5 kj/mol Predict the direction of the shift in equilibrium where the (temperature is raised; more chlorine gas is added to the reaction mixture; some PCl_3 removed from the mixture; the pressure on the gases is increased: a catalyst is added to the reaction mixture.

Explanation / Answer

According to Le-chatlier's principle,

(1) Addition of reactants and removal of products shifts the reaction towards right side i.e products side.

(2) Addition of products and removal of reactants shifts the reaction towards left side i.e reactants side.

(3) Increase in pressure of system at equilibrium shifts the equilibrium towards less no umber of gaseous moles.

(4) Decrease in pressure of system at equilibrium shifs the equilibrium towards more number of gaseous moles.

(5) Increase in temperature of system at equilibrium favours the endothermic reaction.

(6) Decrease in temperature of system at equilibrium favours the exothermic reaction.

(14.58) PCl5 (g) <--------> PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ,             delta H = + 92.5 kJ/mol

Hence the forward reaction is endothermic in nature,

number of gaseous reactants = 1

number of gaseous products = 2

(a) As temperaised, equilibrium shifts in farword direction as it is endothermic.

(b) If more Cl2 is added, it shifts the equilibrium towards backward direction as it increases the conc. of products.

(c) If PCl3 is removed from the mixture, euilibrium is shifted in farward direction as it deceases the concentration of products.

(d) If pressure is increased, it shifts the equilibrium towards backward direction. (less number of gaseous moles)

(e) Addition of catalysts doesnot alter the equilibruim position but it makes reaction to reach euilibrium fater.It increases the rate of both forward and backward reactions in same extent.

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