Warning: this one is much more difficult - you probably want to work in teams fo
ID: 1024757 • Letter: W
Question
Warning: this one is much more difficult - you probably want to work in teams for this! Consider the chemical reaction C_7 H_8 + HNO_s rightarrow C_7 H_5 O_6 N_3 + H_2 O (don't try this at home folks, C_7 H_5 O_6 N_3 is also called trinitrotoluene - TNT). Write down a system of linear equations which describe how many molecules of C_7 H_8 and how many molecules of HNO_3 you need to mix together to get z molecules of C_7 H_5 O_6 N_3 and w molecules of water. Only write down the two equations that are obtained by asking that there be the same number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms on both sides of the reaction (i.e. ignore the remaining two equations corresponding to conservation of Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms). Write down the system of two equations you just obtained in the second matrix form we discussed in class (not augmented matrices - the form involving matrices multiplied by vectors). Use the concept of the inverse of a matrix to solve the system for the number of molecules of C_7 H_8 and HNO_3 you need, as a function of z and wExplanation / Answer
Balanced equation for the : C7H8 + 3 HNO3 = C7H5N3O6 + 3 H2O
Reaction type: double replacement
The stepwise synthesis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a simple but important industrial example of electrophilic aromatic substitution that reflects a decreasing reactivity accompanying the increasing degree of nitration.
The production of trinitrotoluene is comprises of contacting under anhydrous conditions toluene and mono nitro toluene with a nitration mixture composed of fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid at a temperature between 80 C. and 140 C., the amount of fuming nitric acid ranging between 1.05 and 3.0 mols of acid for each gram-atom of hydrogen to be replaced in the nucleus of the mononuclear aromatic compound and the amount of free S contained in the fuming sulfuric acid ranging between 0.25 and 3.0 mols of free oxide of sulphur for each gram-atom of hydrogen to be replaced in the nucleus of the mononuclear aromatic compound and recovering the trinitrotoluene from the reaction mixture.
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