12A Section Review Why do you think water is often called the univer What makes
ID: 1031739 • Letter: 1
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12A Section Review Why do you think water is often called the univer What makes it such a good solvent? 2 Explain why the crude oil in an oil spill can be skimmed the top of the water and collected. 3. How are dissociation and ionization different? 4 Explain why the dissolving process for one substance may e ft ctvate be endothermic while for a different substance it may be exothermic. rdary Describe how you would a. create a saturated sugar-water solution for making 10 candy. b. create a supersaturated sugar-water solution for making candyExplanation / Answer
1) Water is universal solvent because it is available in any where, it is cheap solvent, most of the inorganic compounds and some organic compounds are soluble in water (that means almost all the polar compounds are soluble in water). Most important this is water is eco-friendly solvent, that means water does not create any environmental problems.
2) Crude oit has lower density than water so it will float water surface. Oil is also a non-polar compound, so it can't be dissolved in water. So oil floats on water surface and it can be removed from the surface of the water easily.
3) Dissociation of a neutral compound may produce either ions or smaller neutral compounds.
example 1) CaCO3(s) --------------->CaO(s) CO2(g)
2) NaCl(s) +H2O(l) -----------> Na^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
Both the reactions are examples of dissociation. In one reaction neutral compounds are produced, in another reaction ions will be produced.
Ionization : It is process in which ions will be produced. Ions may be from a compound dissociation or from atom.
Example 1) Na(s) ----------------> Na^+ + e-
2) 2) NaCl(s) +H2O(l) -----------> Na^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
4) For dissolution of any compound, solvation must be occured that means ions in compounds or molecules in compound are surrounded by solvent molecules. In this process some energy released this is known as heat of solvation. Similarly some energy is needed to break the attraction forces among the molecules in compound.
If the heat of solvation is greater than the strength of intermolecular forces then some heat is released and the reaction is said to be exothermic.
If the heat of solvation is less than the strength of intermolecular forces then some heat is absorbed and the reaction is said to be endothermic.
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