Test D = addition of 1ml of methylene chloride followed by drops of 2% bromine T

Question

Test D = addition of 1ml of methylene chloride followed by drops of 2% bromine Test E = hydrocarbon with acetone followed by 1% potassium permanganate solution 1 Considering your results in the solubility tests, what do you conclude about the solublity of ho. 2 Are hydrocarbons less dense or more dense than water? Does this have any practical imponane 3 Write equations using 1-butene to illustrate the reactions occurring in Tests D, E, and F of the exe 4 Write equations using cyclohexene to illustrate the reactions in Tests D, E, and F. carbons in water? Predict the solubility of gasoline and motor oil in water. when oil spills occur? imental procedure (use your text).

Explanation / Answer

1. Hydrocarbons do not dissolve in water because they are nonpolar compounds and water is a polar solvent. The general solubility rule is like dissolves like. All hydrocarbons are nonpolar, so they are insoluble in water. Gasoline and motor oil both are hydrocarbon, so they will not dissolve in water.

2. Hydrocarbons are less dense than water; so they float on the surface. This knowledge can be used in the context of oil spills because the slick will be on the surface and can be skimmed off.

3. Write equations using 1-butene to illustrate the reactions occurring in Test D-

CH2 =CHCH2CH3 + Br2 --------.> CH2 (Br) CH (Br) CH2 CH3

Bromine is decolorized (unsaturation test)

Test E-

1-butene is reacted with dilute alkaline aqueous KMnO4 solution to produce 1, 2-Butanediol .KMnO4 is decolorized.

CH2 =CHCH2CH3 + KMnO4 ------> CH2 (OH) CH (OH) CH2 CH3 + MnO2

TestF-

CH2 =CHCH2CH3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 = C2H5COOH + H2O + MnSO4 + K2SO4

4. Write equations using cyclohexene to illustrate the reactions in Tests D-

C6H12 + Br2 ---> C6H11Br + HBr

(the is a substitution reaction, can only be done when sunlight is present)

Cyclohexene as one of alkenes succumbs the reactions of electrophilic addition, so in reaction with Br2:

C6H10 + Br2 ---> C6H10Br2 (1,2-dibrom cyclohexane)

Test-E

In reaction with KMnO4, Cyclohexene is oxidized to the alcohol with two hydroxyl groups.

C6H10 + KMnO4 ---> C6H10 (OH)2 (1,2 dihydroxicyclohexane) + MnO2

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