\"\'ll AT&T; 9:30 AM 26% SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTION SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTI
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"'ll AT&T; 9:30 AM 26% SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTION SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION QUESTIONS 1. The fact that signal transduction mechanisms often have several steps allows the signal to be 2. The type of receptor which binds to G-proteins is called 3. In the epinephrine receptor, activated G-protein activates which enzyme? 4. In the epinephrine receptor, cyclic AMP activates which enzyme? 5. Cyclic AMP is inactivated by which enzyme? 6. Which other two second messengers are often associated 7. In the IP3 pathway, the protein kinase which is activated is 8. In the growth hormone mechanism, the kinase which is 9. The mechanism for epidermal growth factor (EGF) with IP3? protein kinase activated is called contains both a covalently bound tyrosine kinase and aG- and protein called 10. The beta subunits of the insulin receptor function as 11. In the insulin mechanism, the enzyme Phosphoinositide-3- 12. In the insulin mechanism, the enzyme PDK-1 recognizes 13. The final kinase which is activated by the insulin 14. Which pump protein serves to terminate the signal carried 15. Name one protein which is sometimes overexpressed or kinases. kinase phosphorylates which molecule? which molecule in the cell membrane? mechanism is called by the calcium-calmodulin complex? mutated in cancer? Open With PrintExplanation / Answer
(1)The fact that signal transduction mechanisms often have several steps allows the signal to be under control and these multiple steps provide greater possible amplification of a signal. .
The several steps in signal transduction mechanism allow the cascade to amplify, inhibit and fine tune the responses so that response will not go out of the control.
(2)The type of receptor which binds to G-proteins is called G-protein linked receptors
The G-protein linked receptors found on the cell surface receptor and are involved in mediating the responses to various signal molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters etc).
(3)In the epinephrine receptor, activated G-protein activates which enzyme adenylate cyclase
When epinephrine binds to the receptor in the plams membrane, which causes the activation of G protein which inturn activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
(4)In the epinephrine receptor, cyclic AMP activates which enzyme protein kinase A
The produced cAMP acts as a signaling molecule and which goes and binds to the protein kinase A and activates it.
(5)Cyclic AMP is inactivates by which enzyme phosphodiesterase.
Phosphodiesterase converts the cAMP to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
(6)Which other two second messengers are often associated with IP3? diacylglycerol (DAG); calcium ions (Ca2+)
(7)In the IP3 pathway, the protein kinase which activated is protein kinase protein kinase C
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