1. Describe the properties of acids and bases. 2. Define an acid according to th
ID: 1044403 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe the properties of acids and bases. 2. Define an acid according to the Arrhenius concept. 3. Identify strong and weak acids. 4. Explain the difference between strong and weak acids. 5. Identify strong and weak bases. 6. Write chemical equations to illustrate how acids react with compounds containing carbonates. 7. Explain the difference between solution, solute, and solvent. 8. Define concentration and molarity. 9. Explain the difference between concentrated and dilute. 10. Calculate the molarity of a solution. 11. Calculate the number of moles or grams present in a given volume of solution with a specified molarity. 12. Calculate the molarity of a solution after the solution has been diluted. 13. Calculate the volume of a concentrated solution required to prepare a specified volume and concentration of a dilute solution. 14. Perform stoichiometry calculations involving solutions. 15. Explain what oxidation-reduction reaction means. 16. Determine the oxidation state of a given element. 17. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction. 18. Differentiate between oxidizing agent and reducing agent. 19. Identify oxidizing agent and reducing agent in a balanced redox chemical equation. 20. Identify the element oxidized and element reduced in a balanced redox chemical equation.
Explanation / Answer
1.
Properties of acids
1. They are liquids.
2. They are solutions of compounds in water.
3. If concentrated they can be corrosive.
4. Acids taste sour (for example, vinegar).
5. Turn blue litmus paper red - this is an easy test for an acid!
6. Usually react with metals to form salts.
7. Acids contain hydrogen ions.
8. Turn Universal Indicator from green to red, and have a pH less than 7.
Properties of base -
Bases are ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Indicator compounds such as litmus can be used to detect bases. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
The strength of bases is measured on the pH scale. A pH value greater than 7 indicates a base, and the higher the number is, the stronger the base.
2. An Arrhenius acid is any species that increases the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution.
3.
A strong acid is an acid which dissociates completely in water. That is, all the acid molecules break up into ions and solvate (attach) to water molecules. Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ions in a strong acid solution is equal to the concentration of the acid.
The majority of acids exist as weak acids, an acid which dissociates only partially. On average, only about 1% of a weak acid solution dissociates in water in a 0.1 mol/L solution. Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ions in a weak acid solution is always less than the concentration of the dissolved acid.
7.A solution is a liquid mixture (or a compound) in which a solute gets easily dissolved in a solvent.
Usually, Solute is the smaller component of the solution which gets dissolved in the larger component, Solvent.
8. Concentration is any measurement of the quantity of a solute that is present per unit of solution
Molarity is a unit of concentration that specifically relates the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution
9.
Concentrated solution is a solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount that could dissolve.
A dilute solution contains less solute that a concentrated solution, which basically means that a dilute solution has less mixed in it.
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