Synthesis of Indigo: Vat Dyeing 1. Write balanced equations for the following re

Question

Synthesis of Indigo: Vat Dyeing 1. Write balanced equations for the following reactions under the conditions you used in the experiment. Show all steps in the balancing process. a. The reduction of indigo to leucoindigo. HINT: The formula of the dithionite ion is S20, and it is oxidized to sulfate ion in the reaction.) b. The oxidation of leucoindigo by oxygen from the air. HINT: The oxygen is reduced to water 2. What type of bonds holds the indigo to the cotton? HINT Cotton is mostly cellulose, the formula of which is in the text. 3. HO C(CH2),CO2H 2 CH,CH2OH> CH CH20,C(CH2)4CO,CH2CH 2 H2O diethyl adipate adipic acid Dr. Silversmith heated 7.50 g of adipic acid with 4.50 g of of diethyl adipate. ethanol and obtained 9.20 g a. What was his limiting reagent? SHOW YOUR WORK. b. What was his percent yield? SHOW YOUR WORK.

Explanation / Answer

for the organic transformation

3. Adipic acid + 2 Ethanol --> diethyladipate

a. moles adipic acid = 7.50 g/146.141 g/mol = 0.0513 mol

moles ethanol = 4.50 g/46.07 g/mol = 0.098 mol

moles of ethanol is lower than required = 2 x 0.0513 = 0.1026 mols for complete consumption of adipic acid

Limiting reagent = ethanol

b. Theoretical yield of diethyl adipate = 0.098 mol x 202.25 g/mol/2 = 9.91 g

percent yield = (9.20 g/9.91 g) x 100 = 92.83%

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