NH4Cl and CaCl2 3. What kind(s) of bonding do these substances have? Justify you

Question

NH4Cl and CaCl2

3. What kind(s) of bonding do these substances have? Justify your answer in terms of the types of elements (metal/non-metal) in each compound 4. W rite equations for the dissolving of ammonium chloride and calcium chloride in water. Include the states of the materials in parenthesis next to each product and reactant. 5. If you dissolve a mole of each compound in a kg of water, which solution would have the lowest freezing point? Explain your answer in terms of the number of solute particles. Calculate the Joules per mole of compound used in the experiment. What salt would result in a-AH solution and a + ??? Not to include any of the salts in lab. 6. 7.

Explanation / Answer

ammonium chloride or NH4Cl is a salt, it can be dissociated into NH4+ and Cl- ions.

The bond in NH4+ is a coordinate bond but between NH4+ and Cl- is ionic bond, the cation is NH4+ and anion is Cl-. while N, H and Cl are non metals. so it showing covalent character also.

Like Calcium chloride or CaCl2 is formed by transfer of two electron between two Cl atoms. The ions present is Ca2+ and anion is 2 Cl-.

NH4Cl ==> NH4+ + Cl-

CaCl2 ? Ca2+ + 2Cl-

now, reaction with water or dissolution in water.

NH4Cl + H2O ? NH4OH + HCl

CaCl2 + 2H2O ? Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl

1 mole of NH4Cl = 14+4+35.5 = 53.5 g

1 mole of CaCl2 = 40+ (2x35.5) = 111 g

So more solute present in calcium chloride compared to ammonium chloride, so it will carry higher freezing point value due to higher molar mass.

The dissolution of calcium chloride in water is an exothermic process, so it will have a negative (–ve) delta H value, while dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is an endothermic process, it will have positive (+ve) delta H.

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