Given the values of H rxn, S rxn, and T below, determine S univ. Part A H rxn= 9

Question

Given the values of Hrxn, Srxn, and T below, determine Suniv.

Part A

Hrxn= 90 kJ , Srxn= 144 J/K , T= 304 K

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Part B

Hrxn= 90 kJ , Srxn= 144 J/K , T= 753 K

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Part C

Hrxn= 90 kJ , Srxn= 144 J/K , T= 304 K

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Part D

Hrxn= 90 kJ , Srxn= 144 J/K , T= 409 K

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Part E

Predict whether or not the reaction in part A will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part A will be spontaneous.

nonspontaneous

Part F

Predict whether or not the reaction in part B will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part B will be spontaneous.

nonspontaneous

Part G

Predict whether or not the reaction in part C will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part C will be spontaneous.

nonspontaneous

Part H

Predict whether or not the reaction in part D will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part D will be spontaneous.

spontaneous

nonspontaneous

Part F

Predict whether or not the reaction in part B will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part B will be spontaneous.

spontaneous

nonspontaneous

Part G

Predict whether or not the reaction in part C will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part C will be spontaneous.

spontaneous

nonspontaneous

Part H

Predict whether or not the reaction in part D will be spontaneous.

Predict whether or not the reaction in part D will be spontaneous.

spontaneous nonspontaneous

Explanation / Answer

Part A)

Srxn =144 J/K = 0.144 kJ/K
H°rxn = 90 kJ
Ssurroundings = -H/ T = -90 kJ / 304 K = -0.2961 kJ/K
Suniverse = Ssys + Ssurroundings = 0.144 kJ/K + (- 0.2961) kJ/K = -0.152 kJ/K = -152J/K

Suniverse = -150 J/K

Part B)

Srxn =144 J/K = 0.144 kJ/K
H°rxn = 90 kJ
Ssurroundings = -H/ T = -90 kJ / 753 K = -0.1195 kJ/K
Suniverse = Ssys + Ssurroundings = 0.144 kJ/K + (- 0.1195) kJ/K = 0.0245 kJ/K =24.5J/K

Suniverse = 25 J/K

Part C)

Srxn =-144 J/K = - 0.144 kJ/K
H°rxn = 90 kJ
Ssurroundings = -H/ T = -90 kJ / 304 K = -0.2961 kJ/K
Suniverse = Ssys + Ssurroundings = - 0.144 kJ/K + (- 0.2961) kJ/K = -0.4401 kJ/K = -4401J/K

Suniverse = - 4400 J/K

Part D)

Srxn =144 J/K = 0.144 kJ/K
H°rxn = - 90 kJ
Ssurroundings = -H/ T = - ( -90 kJ) / 409 K = 0.2200 kJ/K
Suniverse = Ssys + Ssurroundings = 0.144 kJ/K + ( 0.2200) kJ/K = 0.364 kJ/K = 364J/K

Suniverse = 360 J/K

G = H-TS

If G is negative reaction is spontaneous

If G is positive reaction is non-spontaneous

If G is zero reaction is equilibrium

Part E)

G = H-TS

G = 90 kJ - ( 304 K * 0.144 kJ/K )

G = +77 kJ , so reaction is non-spontaneous.

Part F)

G = H-TS

G = 90 kJ - ( 753 K * 0.144 kJ/K )

G = - 18 kJ , so reaction is spontaneous.

Part G)

G = H-TS

G = 90 kJ - ( 304 K * - 0.144 kJ/K )

G = +133 kJ , so reaction is non-spontaneous.

Part H)

G = H-TS

G = -90 kJ - ( 409 K * 0.144 kJ/K )

G = - 148 kJ , so reaction is spontaneous.

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