it was resumitted twice and now you asking me to submit it a 3rd time but ok. Ca
ID: 106803 • Letter: I
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it was resumitted twice and now you asking me to submit it a 3rd time but ok.
Can someone please rewrite Wk3 assignment.
THIS IS A ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CLASS:
This Assignement was answered but after running it through Turnitin it showed 98% PLAGIARISM AND THIS ASSIGNMENT ANSWERS WAS SUBMITTED BY ANOTHER STUDENT. CAN YOU PLEASE REWRITE THIS ASSIGNEMNT SHOWING NO SIMILARITY OR PLAGIARISM FREE!!
Instructions: Type: Individual Project Unit: ----- Energy You will prepare an APA-style research paper to discuss energy topics, as follows: In your own words, describe the laws of thermodynamics. Explain how these scientific laws apply to energy use, energy conversions, and the need for energy efficiency. Describe the pros and cons of the following energy types, writing 1 paragraph for each: Fossil fuel: Oil, natural gas, and coal Nuclear energy Solar energy Wind power Water (hydro) power Bioconversion (biofuel) Research and describe 2 provisions of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Describe each provision, and provide your opinion about how each provision helps the United States meet energy use goals.
Expert Answer Question: Describe the laws of thermodynamics. Explain how these scientific laws apply to energy use, energy conversions, and the need for energy efficiency.
Introduction:
System or Surroundings
In order to avoid confusion, scientists discuss thermodynamic values in reference to a system and its surroundings. Everything that is not a part of the system constitutes its surroundings. The system and surroundings are separated by a boundary. For example, if the system is one mole of a gas in a container, then the boundary is simply the inner wall of the container itself. Everything outside of the boundary is considered the surroundings, which would include the container itself.
The boundary must be clearly defined, so one can clearly say whether a given part of the world is in the system or in the surroundings. If matter is not able to pass across the boundary, then the system is said to be closed; otherwise, it is open. A closed system may still exchange energy with the surroundings unless the system is an isolated one, in which case neither matter nor energy can pass across the boundary.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another. For example, turning on a light would seem to produce energy; however, it is electrical energy that is converted.
A way of expressing the first law of thermodynamics is that any change in the internal energy (E) of a system is given by the sum of the heat (q) that flows across its boundaries and the work (w) done on the system by the surroundings: E=q+w
This law says that there are two kinds of processes, heat and work, that can lead to a change in the internal energy of a system. Since both heat and work can be measured and quantified, this is the same as saying that any change in the energy of a system must result in a corresponding change in the energy of the surroundings outside the system. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
If heat flows into a system or the surroundings do work on it, the internal energy increases and the sign of q and w are positive. Conversely, heat flow out of the system or work done by the system (on the surroundings) will be at the expense of the internal energy, and q and w will therefore be negative.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. Simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases.
A simple way to think of the second law of thermodynamics is that a room, if not cleaned and tidied, will invariably become more messy and disorderly with time - regardless of how careful one is to keep it clean.
When the room is cleaned, its entropy decreases, but the effort to clean it has resulted in an increase in entropy outside the room that exceeds the entropy lost.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has. Specifically, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance(perfect order) at absolute zero temperature is zero. This statement holds true if the perfect crystal has only one state with minimum energy
Explanation / Answer
Energy is nothing but a source which we use in our day to day life. For doing a work manually,human body requires energy. Similarly energy conversions take place in the environment also which may be responsible for heat transfer etc. The laws of thermodynamics are nothing but laws relating to energy conversion and its conservation.
There are three main laws of thermodynamics:-
First law of thermodynamics:- The first law of thermodynamics deals with conversion of energy and states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy is invisible similar to air and it cannot be created by our own without any available source. Energy can only be transferred from one place to another. For example coal is an source which is crushed into pieces and heated and this heat generated is used to heat the water in the boiler to generate steam which is used to run the turbines to produce electricity.
First law is given as del E=q+w where q is the heat flow in the body and w is the qork done by the system and del E is the internal energy peoduced.
Second law of thermodynamics:-The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. Entropy is the degree of randomness in a system or it can also be stated that there is no energy available for converting it into mecahnical form for doing some useful work. An isolated system remains as such without doing any work and hence no energy is generated or required by it. For example if a boiler or a turbine remains as such without doing any work,no energy conversion takes place and at the same time,the accumulation of resources get inside them which causes a disorderliness in the system.
Third law of thermodynamics:- This states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. That is the state of randomness in a system calms down to a steady value as the temperature reaches absolute zero. This is because the particles in a system would jump and move from one place to another when the temperature rises and the particles would automatically settle down when the temperature becomes zero.
The first law is the conservation of energy and gives an idea of saving energy as well as generating them in a correct manner.
The second law talks about disorderliness in the system which must be decreased.
The third law talks about randomness proportionality to temperature and this applies to pure crystalline structures.
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