14) To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened wit
ID: 108373 • Letter: 1
Question
14) To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called ________.
A) end of the alley
B) carrot and stick
C) command-and-control
D) limit and manage
E) last chance
15) Which part of the government is responsible for passing public policy laws?
A) executive branch
B) judicial branch
C) legislative branch
D) EPA
E) United Nations
16) The revolving door ________.
A) allows lobbyists to work for many political entities at the same time
B) is the movement of powerful officials between the private sector and government agencies
C) is illegal in most states
D) pairs environmental causes with lobbyists already working on other causes
E) allows corporate heads to work together on political legislation
17) Conventional law arises from ________.
A) democratic voting procedures
B) informal agreements reached by multinational corporations
C) bidding on subsidies
D) the distribution and use of pollution permits
E) treaties between nations
18) The Cuyahoga River in Ohio had been so polluted that it caught fire repeatedly from 1868-1969, including a 1952 fire that resulted in nearly $1.5 million in damages. Amazingly, other rivers in the United States also caught fire during this period. Why didn't federal laws limiting pollution of rivers and streams prevent this pollution and these fires?
A) There were no federal regulations of water pollution at that time.
B) This pollution went undetected by agents overwhelmed by the amount of work.
C) The federal laws preventing water pollution did not apply to Ohio, where this occurred.
D) The industries that polluted the water had been repeatedly fined for polluting and simply continued to ignore the laws.
19) How does the EPA affect environmental policy?
A) The EPA passes laws that control environmental regulations.
B) The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
C) The EPA determines which laws passed by the judicial branch apply to environmental policy.
D) The EPA funds ecological studies that inform the executive branch about what environmental laws are needed.
20) Fires on the Cuyahoga River raised concerns that contributed to ________.
A) the formation of the U.S. Food and Administration
B) the passage of the Clean Water Act of 1972
C) laws requiring the separation of sewage and storm water in cities
D) the passage of the federal Water Pollution Control Act
E) a regulatory taking of many of the industries along the river and its tributaries
Explanation / Answer
14. answer c: In control and command approach, specific limits of pollution emission have been set and mandates that specific pollution control approach should be used. Command is the maintenance of standard quality or targets set by the government authority. Control is the provision of punishment to those who violated the limits.
15.answer c: The legislative branch of the government is responsible for passing the laws of the state and also appropriating the funds which are essential to operate the government.
16. answer b: Revolving door is the movement of high level employees from public to private sectors jobs and vice versa.
17. answer e: conventional law is the law that arises out of conventions, treaties and international agreements and is a special law that is applicable for those who are subject to those agreements and treaties.
18. answer a: Since there were no federal laws for water pollution at that time( 1868-1969). After that these repeated fires raised concerns and lead to enactment of water pollution act of 1972.
19. answer b: EPA is a federal agency that was created in order to protect human health and environment which writes and enforces laws that control the environmental regulations passed by the congress.
20. answer b: Earlier there were no federal laws for the water pollution. After the repeated incidences of fire in Cuyahoga river which concerns and result in passing of water pollution act of 1972.
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