12. Which of the following is paired inconotby A. Amorphous solids-considerable

Question

12. Which of the following is paired inconotby A. Amorphous solids-considerable disoeder in their structures B. Crystalline solids-highly regular arrangement of their components C. Unit cell -the smallest repeating unit of the crystal lattice stracture D. Glass-atomic network covalent bond crystalline solid 13 An X-rty beam with -1.54 A incidents on the surface ofa crystal produce d a maximum th distance between layers of atoms in atthe angle -28.3.. A· 1.54 A B. 3.08 C. 1.62 A solids, 14. Quartz, table salt, gold, dry ice, and Xe(s) are examples of respectively Molecular, ionic, metallic, nonbonding, network covalent bond B. Ionic, molecular, nonbonding, network covalent bond, metallic C. Nonbonding, network covalent bond, molecular, ionic, metallic D. Network covalent bond, ionic, metallic, molecular, nonbonding 15, Milkis an example of A. acrosol B. foam C. emulsion D. micelle 16 KNO, has a lattice energy of -685.3 kJ/imol and a heat of hydration of 650.6 kJmol heat of solution of KNO (s)? A. -34.7 kJ/mol B. 34.7 kJ/mol C. 1335.9 kJ/mol D. -1335.9 kJ/mol 17. What is the CO, concentration of in a bottle of soda if the partial pressure of CO2 gas is 2.00 atm and the temperature is 25 °C. The Henry's law constant, Ad, for CO.(g) is 0.034 M/atm at 25 °C A. 0.85M B. 0.017 M C. 0.068 M D. 0.0027 M 18. The vapor pressure of an aqueous hydroxylamine solution, NH OH(ag), shows a negative deviation from the predication of Raoult's law. This implies: A. the attraction between solute and solvent is stronger than solute with solute or solvent with solvent. B. the solute and solvent molecules undergoes repulsive intermolecular forces. C. the solute-solvent interaction is similar to those of solute with solute or solvent with solvent. D. the solute and solvent do not interact with each other. 19. The observed van't Hoff factor is always less than the expected value because of A. Brownian motion B. ion pairing C. coagulation D. Tyndall effect 20. Adding a nonvolatile solute into a volatile solvent, the solution vapor pressure boiling point the freezing point the , and the osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane A. increases, increases, decreases, increases B. increases, decreases, increases, decreases C. decreases, decreases, increases, decreases D. decreases, increases, decreases, increases

Explanation / Answer

18. OPTION A. Raoult's Law states that for a mixture of ideal liquids, the partial pressure of each liquid component is equal to the liquid's vapour pressure multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture. However non-ideal liquid mixtures show a negative or positive deviation from the law if the vapour pressure of the given liquid mixture has lower or higher vapour pressure respectively than calculated by Raoult's Law.

If in a liquid mixture the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces, the mixing will be more efficient than in the pure liquids thus lowering the vapour pressure due to higher stability of the components of the mixture as a mixture compared to that in their pure liquid state. Thus if a mixture has higher solute-solvent interaction than solute-solute or solent-solvent interactions, it will show negative deviation from the Law.

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