Chemical bonding (a) Qualitatively describe five different types of chemical bon

Question

Chemical bonding (a) Qualitatively describe five different types of chemical bonds and why they occur. Describe which combinations of what types of atoms are expected to form which types of bonds (make reference to location on the periodic table) Describe some of the qualitative properties of materials that have these types of bonds (b) Describe qualitatively the phenomenon of van der Waals forces. Explain why the force is attractive and proportional to 1/r7 where r is the distance between tweo atoms.

Explanation / Answer

1. Covalent bond: This type of bond is formed by sharing of electrons bteween two atoms. The two atoms have almost similar electronegativity. Some examples are the gases, such as H2, N2, Cl2 etc. Here, the participating atoms have same electronegativity.

2. Ionic bond: Ionic bond results from electrostatic attraction between two atoms which results in transfer of electron from one atom to another. This type of bond is formed between atoms having hight electronegativity difference. Examples include, NaCl, HCl. etc.

3. Coordination bond: This type of bond is formed when an atom donates its electrons to another atom. It is a type of bond in which the shared electron pair comes from the same atom.

4. Metallic bond: This is a type of bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions (cations).

5. Hydrogen bond: It is a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. Example: Hydrogen bond exists in H2O, HF etc.

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