What is the frequency of Tay-Sach\'s disease in the general population? In Ashke
ID: 109203 • Letter: W
Question
What is the frequency of Tay-Sach's disease in the general population? In Ashkenazi Jews? What causes the symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease, and what are those symptoms? List the three possible explanations for why Tay-Sachs has a higher incidence in Eastern European Jews? Which one is widely accepted by and geneticists? What is a fourth explanation that diamond proposes? What do you think will happen to Tay-Sach's disease in the future? Why? Explain your answer in terms of evolutionary forces. "Darwin's Rib" What areas of the human skeleton are ideal for identifying the sex of the remains and why? How are analogies and convergent evolution related? How are homologies and vestigial traits related? How does the professor explain part of the story of Adam and eve in terms of Lamarck?Explanation / Answer
TAY-SACHS DISEASE: It is also termed as TSD. This disease is a genetic disorder most commonly occurring in children. TSD mostly damages the nervous system, this begins in the early stages of pregnancy and appears normal by six months of age. After 2 years of age children experience different mental functions which makes them unable to crawl and sit.
1. The frequency of tay-sachs disease affects both males and females in equal numbers and occurs with a great frequency among Eastern European (Ashkenazi Jews). Approximately one in every 28 Jews is a carrier of TSD. While the frequency of TSD in general population is about one in every 250.
SYMPTOMS: symptoms of Tay-sachs diseases develop from around 3-6 months of age, starts with GENERAL WEAKNESS. After that from around 9 months of age children may experience decrease eye movements and unable to perform activities like sitting. After one year old the baby will become less responsive and vision will be lost. Swallowing difficulty can be experienced after two years old of age and finally DEATH is usually between 2 and 4 years of age.
2. Not only Tay-sachs disease there are other diseases which are more frequent in Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews. Not only Jews there are other ethnic groups carriers of this disease. The major cause for this is the mutation that causes and happens more in Jewish population because the Jews tend to marry and have children from their community so their genetic frequency for TSD is different from other community frequencies.
3. Tay-sachs disease is very rare in common population but it is common in Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews. There are some preventive approaches which can reduce the occurance of disease. As mentioned above due to mutation Jews marry their own community partners so they should be tested before marriage which can reduce the impact in their children. In future we can expect more screening programs so that the carriers can be identified before marriage. Darwin's rib evolution explains that the changes in the process of modern organisms in overtime from ancient organisms. Also states how well an organism can survive and reproduce. So if both the parents are identified as carriers then they can avoid marriage.
1. It is quite difficult to identify the sex of a particular human skeleton after decomposition. The only major area in human skeleton where identification of sex is the PELVIS area. A female skeleton have realtively larger angle of sub-pubic to that of a man. The pelvic inlet is large in female skeleton than in man. Also the BONE-SIZE of male are bigger compared to females.
2. The relation between analogies and convergent evolution is that when two unrelated species undergo several changes and adaptions to become more similar. These species live in different environment and climate which supports adaption. One best example to understand the relationship between these is consider a shark and a dolphin, however both live in similar environments shark is classified within fish group while dolphin is classified as mammals.
3. The body parts similar to other species are homologous structures, while vestigial structure is when an organism lost all or some of its original function in evolution process. Homologous structures have a similarity in body parts formation compared to other species parts. On the other hand vestigial structure is the degeneration (under development) of body parts compared to past species body parts. This is how homologies traits are related to vestigial traits.
4. The ideas of an French biologist JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK is termed as LAMARCKISM. Lamarck theory states that an organism changes during its life to its want or need in order to adapt it's environment. Lamarck also believed that evolution occurs due to a predetermined plan and the results have already been decided. Lamarck ideas and his thoughts on evolution were considered nonsense because many believed in science and think Lamarck evolution concept is not correct. According to Lamarck in terms of his theory Christianity relies heavily on the literal story of Adam and Eve. Try to explain students that not to believe the story of Adam and Eve because it was written in Bible ( Genesis 1-2). We all come from common ansectors not just a case of one man and one woman. Evolution doesn't take place from an individual, it takes place in a population. But many students don't even consider the story of Adam and Eve true in terms of LAMARCKISM.
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