EXPLAIN THE NATURAL CAUSES OF THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES. HOW DO THEY DEVELOP?
ID: 110463 • Letter: E
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EXPLAIN THE NATURAL CAUSES OF THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES. HOW DO THEY DEVELOP? EXPLAIN THER DAMAGE AND RISKS. 8. WHAT ARE WILD FIRES? EXPLAIN THEIR CAUSES. CAN WE PREVENT WILDFIRES? EXPLAIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT WILDFIRES. 9. EXPLAIN THE ORIGIN AND THE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS OF EARTHQUAKES. WHERE DO EARTHQUAKES DEVELP. HOW DO WE MINIMIZE THEIR IMPACTS? 10. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES. COMPARE THE NATURE OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES OF MOUNT ST.HELEN AND THE HAWIAAN VOLCANOES. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR GASSES OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES? EXPLAIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES. HOW CAN WE MINIMIZE THEIR IMPACTS?Explanation / Answer
A thunderstorm consists in a local storm produced by a 'cumulonimbus' cloud and is accompanied by lightning and thunder.
Cumulonimbus are clouds of great vertical development, internally formed by a column of hot and humid air that rises in the form of rotating spiral. Its base is usually less than 2 km in height while the summit can reach about 15 to 20 km in altitude. The cumulonimbus is a type of cloud of high development, dense, with storm and bad weather. They can be formed in isolation, in groups, or along a cold front in a line of instability.
This is an interesting and often feared meteorological phenomenon, due to its dangerousness and the noise that causes. Thunderstorms are characterized by heavy rains that bring strong, but short-lived thunder, after which lightning or lightning glimpses. If a person watches a thunderstorm closely, it looks as if it had the shape of an anvil, since the clouds at the top are presented in a flat shape.
How does the thunderstorm develop?
A thunderstorm needs humidity, unstable rising air and a lifting mechanism that pushes the air. The formation process is as follows:
1. First, there must be hot air filled with water vapor.
2. Hot air rises, but stays warmer than surrounding air.
3. As it ascends, heat is transferred from the earth's surface to the upper levels of the atmosphere. The water vapor cools down, condenses and forms a cloud.
4. The top of the cloud is cooler than the bottom. Then, the water vapor from the top becomes ice chunks that grow.
5. The heat increases inside the cloud and creates more water vapor, while the cold wind blows from the top of the cloud.
6. The chunks of ice inside the cloud are swept up and down by the wind. The clash between the pieces produces sparks that jump, create regions of great electric charge and later appear as lightning.
The damages caused by thunderstorms are varied but relevant. If they persist for a long time they cause flooding, but the winds alone can knock down trees, power lines and other large objects. If they cause tornadoes, they can destroy human constructions in just a few minutes.
One of the fears associated with these storms is lightning strikes on a person. The most important thing is to follow the safety instructions of the locality and shelter in the most secure place to which you have access. In this case, an estimated 16-17 million thunderstorms are produced each year in the world; Or about 44,000 per day. Only 30 percent of people who are affected by lightning die. These weather phenomena produce about 6,000 lightning flashes every minute around the world. Lightning can sometimes be warmer than the surface of the sun.
A tornado is an air funnel that turns violently that comes underneath a thunderstorm on the ground. Initially, they may appear almost transparent until dust and debris are collected. The most intense winds have wind speeds of up to 250 miles per hour (400 km / h). Moreover, tornadoes can be up to a mile wide and range from being almost stationary to moving at 70 mph.
Tornadoes are originate from strong storms called supercells, which last longer and are more powerful than a regular electrical storm. Supercell is an immense storm in rotation. These storms are most likely to produce long-lasting tornadoes and pieces of hail the size of an orange.These storms occur in an unstable atmosphere, when cold, dry polar air meets warm, moist tropical air. A tornado occurs in the form of wind that enters the storm begins to swirl and forms a funnel. This funnel rotates faster and faster, creating a low pressure area that sucks more air into it.
Due to the difference in pressure exerted on very localized areas, in addition to the intense rains, hail and lightning can be devastating, although they measure around 50 meters wide, travel at 50 km / h and last only a few Few minutes. In some cases they can travel along a liquid surface and then the tornado is called a trunk.
Tornadoes are usually located in the transition strip between polar and tropical air masses, between 20 and 50 degrees latitude on both sides of the equator. They are uncommon in latitudes greater than 60º, where the temperature and humidity conditions necessary for the formation of this phenomenon are rarely present.
There are several scales for measuring a tornado, but the most universally accepted is the Fujita Scale, developed in 1957 by T. Fujita of the University of Chicago. This scale is based on the destruction caused to man-made structures and not to the size, diameter or speed of the tornado. You can not look at a tornado and calculate its intensity. Damage caused should be assessed.
There are 6 degrees (from 0 to 5) and an "F" is placed in honor of its author:
Weak Tornadoes: F0 and F1. They are 69% of the total ocurrence, cause 5% of fatal cases and last between 1 and 10 minutes.
Strong Tornadoes: F2 and F3. They are 29%, 30% of all deaths and last more than 20 min.
Violent Tornadoes: F4 and F5. They are 2% of the total ocurrence, cause 70% of deaths and can last more than an hour.
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