A) Geothermal gradient ) Hydrothermal aleration 13) What is the driving force be

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A) Geothermal gradient ) Hydrothermal aleration 13) What is the driving force behind p A) Directed explosion Water D) GravitY 14) 4) The Principle of states that the physical, chemical, and biological c at work shaping the Earth today have also operated in the geologic past A) Catastrophism C) Creationism B) Plate Tectonics D) Uniformitarianism 15) Which style of convergent boundary will characterize an Andean-type mountain building event?15) A) Where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath oceanic lithosphere B) Where continental lithosphere subducts beneath oceanic lithosphere C) Where continental lithosphere subducts beneath continental lithosphere D) Where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath continental lithosphere 16) 16) Which of the following minerals has good cleavage in two directions B) Biotite D) Halite A) Plagioclase C) Quartz is the process where materials separate into different layers due to density D) Tensional stress A) Differentiation B) Shearing C) Phase change 18) Continental crust is mainly composed ofwhereas oceanic crust is mainly composed of 18 A) Granite; Basalt C) Gabbro; Granite B) Limestone; Gabbro D) Olivine; Basalt 19) What is the name of the small holes created by gas bubbles on the surface of scoria? 19) A) Volatiles B) Lapilli C) Pumice D) Vesicles 20) describes how an entire suite of silicate minerals can form from a single basaltic magma20) as it cools and crystallizes. A) Geologic Rock Cycle C) Theory of Plate Tectonics B) Mohs Hardness Scale D) Bowen's Reaction Series 21) An example of a volcanic caldera that formed from the collapse of a magmac hamber after la volumes of material were erupted is A) Kilauea B) Mt. Mazama C) Mt. Vesuvius D) Yellowstone 22) Which of the following is the hardest known natural substance? C) Quartz 22) B) Talc D) Sapphine is a cone-shaped structure created by successive eruptions of volcanic materials D) Crater A) Diamond 23) A such as 23) lava or pyroclastic materials A) Caldera B) Fumarole Volcanic cone

Explanation / Answer

12)Geothermal gradient

Geothermal gradient is the amount the Earth’s temperature increases with depth, indicating heat owing from the Earth’s warm interior to its surface. On average, the temperature increases by about 25°C for every kilometre of depth.[3] This difference in temperatures drives the geothermal energy flows and allows humans to use this energy for heating and electricity generation. There are a number of places on the planet where the temperature changes quite a bit faster though, and that's almost always where geothermal energy is the most viable.

13)Gravity

Pyroclastic flows are one kind of sediment gravity flow. Sediment gravity flows are unique fluids because properties such as density and viscosity can change as they move, unlike fluids such as water or air within which density and viscosity change very little, if at all, during movement.

14)Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere.

15)Where oceanic lithosphere sub-ducts beneath continental lithosphere

16)Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group. Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a continuous solid solution series, more properly known as the plagioclase feldspar series

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