12. In which of the following examples is the cause and the effect hard to untan

Question

12. In which of the following examples is the cause and the effect hard to untangle? O A. The relation between dense forests and heavy rains. O B. The relation between smoke and fire. ° C. The relation between smoking cigarettes and lung cancer. O D. The relation between marine pollution and coral reef death. Which of the following statements is not a correct explanation of empiricism? (Check all that apply) A. It cannot be monitored. ? B. It involves data analysis and drawing inferences. C. It tests whether theories are applicable to real life situations. D. It has nothing to do with optimization and equilibrium

Explanation / Answer

B.the relation between smoke and fire is hard to untangle. other three options are easy to untangle

dense forest is a result of heavy rain, lung cancer is the result of smoking in most of the cases, coral reef death occurs due to pollution. but fire causes smoke or smoke causes fire is not a logical result, it may happen but its very hard to find that most of the fire occurs due to smoke.  

Empiricism is a theory that is based on experiences derived from senses. it does not involve data analysis and drawing inferences. the result based on data analysis and drawing inferences is the empirical result. option B

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