Did you know that there are two sovereign states that are completely inside Ital

Question

Did you know that there are two sovereign states that are completely inside Italy? Not only that, but one of these states lies completely within an Italian city, and another is considered to be the world's oldest continuously sovereign state.

Questions: What are these two states and how is it that they ended up being totally inside of Italy? Informed response please. No copy/pastes.

PS: States, or parts of states, that lie totally within other states are called enclaves. These two are thus enclaves within Italy.

Explanation / Answer

Yes, the two states are Vatican city and San Marino

1. The Vatican City is totally inside Italy because the conflict present between the Vittorio Emmanuele II and the Pope Pius IX had ended in 1929. It ended with the Treaty of the Lateran, in which in exchange for giving up any other claims to the political power, the Pope Pius IX was given Vatican as the separate state which is present Vatican City

2. There are many political reasons for San Mario to be present as an enclave. San Marino had been founded in the year 301 AD St Marinus, who is a stonemason from present Croatia according to the legend, and it has a Constitution in place since the year 1600 which had maintained the country's independence since 1600.

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