Companies A and B have been required the following rates per annum on a $10 mill

Question

Companies A and B have been required the following rates per annum on a $10 million notional: Fixed rate Floating rate Company A 2.0% p.a. LIBOR + 0.3% p.a.
Company B 3.0% p.a. LIBOR + 1.3% p.a.
a)Under which assumption Company A and B may find it useful to enter a swap?
b)In that case, design a swap that will net a bank, acting as intermediary, 0.2% per annum and that will appear equally attractive to both companies. How does your answer to question b) modify if A is available to receive 1/3 of the amount that is shared between A and B (i.e., the overall gain minus the intermediary fee is split into three parts, one for A and two for B)?

Plus: when B-A(float) equals to B-A(fixed) how to determine B and A chose floating or fixed markets?

Companies A and B have been required the following rates per annum on a $10 million notional: Fixed rate Floating rate Company A 2.0% p.a. LIBOR + 0.3% p.a.
Company B 3.0% p.a. LIBOR + 1.3% p.a.
a)Under which assumption Company A and B may find it useful to enter a swap?
b)In that case, design a swap that will net a bank, acting as intermediary, 0.2% per annum and that will appear equally attractive to both companies. How does your answer to question b) modify if A is available to receive 1/3 of the amount that is shared between A and B (i.e., the overall gain minus the intermediary fee is split into three parts, one for A and two for B)?

Plus: when B-A(float) equals to B-A(fixed) how to determine B and A chose floating or fixed markets?

Companies A and B have been required the following rates per annum on a $10 million notional: Fixed rate Floating rate Company A 2.0% p.a. LIBOR + 0.3% p.a.
Company B 3.0% p.a. LIBOR + 1.3% p.a.
a)Under which assumption Company A and B may find it useful to enter a swap?
b)In that case, design a swap that will net a bank, acting as intermediary, 0.2% per annum and that will appear equally attractive to both companies. How does your answer to question b) modify if A is available to receive 1/3 of the amount that is shared between A and B (i.e., the overall gain minus the intermediary fee is split into three parts, one for A and two for B)?

Plus: when B-A(float) equals to B-A(fixed) how to determine B and A chose floating or fixed markets?

Companies A and B have been required the following rates per annum on a $10 million notional: Fixed rate Floating rate Company A 2.0% p.a. LIBOR + 0.3% p.a.
Company B 3.0% p.a. LIBOR + 1.3% p.a.
a)Under which assumption Company A and B may find it useful to enter a swap?
b)In that case, design a swap that will net a bank, acting as intermediary, 0.2% per annum and that will appear equally attractive to both companies. How does your answer to question b) modify if A is available to receive 1/3 of the amount that is shared between A and B (i.e., the overall gain minus the intermediary fee is split into three parts, one for A and two for B)?

Plus: when B-A(float) equals to B-A(fixed) how to determine B and A chose floating or fixed markets?

Explanation / Answer

Fixed Floating A 0.3% LIBOR + 2% B 1.3% LIBOR + 3% Company A External vendor B Pay 0.30% LIBOR+2% Hence net rate of borrowing = (LIBOR + 2%) – 0.30% = LIBOR +1.7% If A borrowed directly, i.e. w/o the swap, its rate would be LIBOR + 2% Hence A is better off by 0.3% for using the swap. Company B External vendor A Pay 1.3% LIBOR+3% Hence net rate of borrowing = (LIBOR + 3%) – 1.3% = LIBOR -1% If B borrowed directly, i.e. w/o the swap, its rate would be LIBOR + 3% Hence B is better off by LIBOR-1% for using the swap. We now consider the case with a financial intermediary We have the following constraints: 1 Net gain to financial intermediary is 0.2%. 2 Net gain to A must equal net gain to B since deal must be equally attractive to both companies. External lender External lender 0.30% LIBOR LIBOR We need to find the values of x and y that will satisfy the constraints imposed. From constraint (1), we have for FI that Cash Inflow – Cash Outflow = 0.2 => (y+L)-(x+L)=0.2 => y-x=0.2 (3) Gains from using Swap We determine the net cash outflow, Hence gain from using swap over doing Direct Gain (A) = Net cash outflow – Cost of direct floating rate loan for A = [(L+0.3)-x] – [L+0.2]=0.1-x Direct Gain (B) = Net cash outflow – Cost of direct fixed rate loan for B = [y+L+3-L]-1.3=y-0.7 To satisfy (2), we must have Gain (A) = Gain (B) => 0.1-x = y -0.7 => y+x = 0.8 (4) We can then solve equations 3 & 4 simultaneously to get : x=0.7-0.2=0.5 & y=0.7 Thus the swap payments will be as follows: Company A • Pay 0.3%% to outside lender • Pay LIBOR to FI • Receive 0.7% from FI Hence net rate of borrowing for A=0.3% + LIBOR -0.7%=LIBOR-0.4% Company B • Pay LIBOR+0.3% to outside lender • Pay 0.5% to FI • Receive LIBOR from FI Hence net rate of borrowing for B:= LIBOR+0.3% + 0.5%-LIBOR = 0.8%

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