Question 1 (10 points) The four schematic cross sections below show the potentia

Question

Question 1 (10 points)

The four schematic cross sections below show the potential groundwater resources for an area of hills and valleys. Assume the region receives plentiful rainfall and is in underlain by an open aquifer composed of sand and gravel. Predict which diagram is the best representation of the relationship between topography and water table.

Question 1 options

A is faster than B; 150 m3/sec

A is slower than B, 150 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 10 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 12 m3/sec

Question 2 (10 points)

A stream channel is widened by erosion, but stream discharge is unchanged. Which of the following statements must be true?

Question 2 options:

depth increased and/or velocity increased

depth decreased and/or velocity increased

depth increased and/or velocity decreased

depth decreased and/or velocity decreased

Question 3 (10 points)

Four stream gauging stations used to measure stream discharge are shown on the map (A, B, C, D). The streams are shown in blue, and the state boundary of Ohio is shown in black (except on its southern border where it is bounded by the Ohio River). The Sandusky, Cuyahoga, Great Miami and Muskingum Rivers all start within Ohio; the first two flow north and the latter two flow south into the Ohio River. Assume the bedrock and topography are similar for each stream system. Which station is most likely to record the least discharge?

Question 3 options:

A

B

C

D

Question 4 (10 points)

Liquid hazardous waste is disposed of by pumping it down injection wells. From the attached map, which well location would be the most suitable to use for an injection well?

Question 4 options:

A

B

C

Question 5 (10 points)

The diagram depicts the confluence of two perennial streams (A and B) forming C. Which of the following statements regarding stream C must be true?

Question 5 options:

Stream flow velocity must be greater than in A or B.

Stream discharge must be greater than in A or B.

Stream gradient must be less than in A or B.

Question 6 (10 points)

What can cause a river to stop downcutting into the Earth?

Question 6 options:

Sea level can rise

The Earth's surface elevation can be uplifted

Sea level can drop

None of the above

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Question 7 (10 points)

A farmer drilled a well into an open aquifer composed of sand and gravel. He installed a septic system downslope from the drinking well (see diagram). A few years later the septic system started to leak. Water tests showed that the well water was clean and uncontaminated by bacteria present in the septic system. Why did the septic system not contaminate the drinking water supply?

Question 7 options:

The bacteria were drowned in the groundwater.

The groundwater flow carried water away from the well

Gravel has a low permeability that makes it difficult for bacteria to travel from the septic system to the well.

The septic system is not located in the aquifer's recharge zone.

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Question 8 (10 points)

As a river enters a delta, what should you expect to change?

Question 8 options:

Rate of flow decreases and amount of sediment suspended increases

Rate of flow increases and amount of sediment suspended increases

Rate of flow decreases and amount of sediment suspended decreases

Nothing. The river just gets wider and disperses.

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Question 9 (10 points)

A rapidly growing city in a humid climate zone experiences a land use change from predominantly crop land to mostly urban/suburban. A likely natural response would be:

Question 9 options:

Increased infiltration—reduced flooding

Reduced infiltration—increased flooding

Increased infiltration—increased flooding

None of the above

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Question 10 (10 points)

Inspect the attached diagram of a river. What is the flow velocity of water in zone A relative to zone B, and what is the discharge of this stream assuming its average flow velocity is 15 m/sec? Below, 1 unit = 1 m. 1 square unit = 1 square meter.

Question 10 options:

A is faster than B; 150 m3/sec

A is slower than B, 150 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 10 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 12 m3/sec

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A is faster than B; 150 m3/sec

A is slower than B, 150 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 10 m3/sec

A is faster than B, 12 m3/sec

-Water table

Explanation / Answer

1. Water table is a subdued replica of topography.water table is not flat.it is a sloping suface.in the above schematic diagram.C is the replica of topography.

2.Depth decreased, velocity decreased. When channel widening, their velocity is decreased first, because in small channel it goes fast but the same channel widened their velocity decreased and also their depth also decreased because of deposition of silt or other particles carried away by stream.sudden velocity decreases makes the eroded particles to deposit in th widened place and decrease the depth.

3.B is the least discharge.

4.B is the suitable well. because a and c are end in permeable layer,it allows the liquid waste to flow and also contaminate with water table. but B ends in impermeable layer,it holds the liquid hazards in it and avoid the contact between groundwater.

5.Stream gradient must be less than a and b.

6.Sea level can rise.

7.The septic system is not located in the aquifer recharge zone. because the septic system located above the water table and it does not affect the well.

8.Rate of flow increased and amount of sediment suspended decreased.

9.Reduced infiltration,increased flooding

10. A is slower than B,150m3/s, because flow velocity is more nearby the land

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