Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2): A) Are good absorbers of shortwave radiation B) Cau
ID: 120068 • Letter: G
Question
Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2):
A) Are good absorbers of shortwave radiation
B) Cause greater temperature variation than if the gases were not present C) Did not exist in until the coming of the Industrial Age
D) Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature
E) None of these
The law that essentially states that “Hotter objects emit more energy than cooler ones” is- A) Ideal Gas Law B) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
C) The Second Law of Thermodynamics D) Wein’s Law
E) None of these
The Earth’s energy budget is the balance between incoming radiation from the sun (mostly visible light) and outgoing __________ energy from Earth.
A) conduction B) latent heat C) microwave radiation
D) thermal (infrared) E) None of the above
Greenhouse gases—such as __________, _________, and methane—occur naturally in small amounts and absorb and release heat energy more efficiently than abundant atmospheric gases like nitrogen and oxygen
A) argon, carbon dioxide B) carbon dioxide, oxygen C) water vapor, oxygen
D) water vapor, carbon dioxide E) none of these
Gases whose distribution in the atmosphere is unchanging in both time and space are categorized as: A) greenhouse gases B) heterospheric gases C) variable gases
D) permanent gases E) none of these
What two variables determine air pressure?
A) Temperature and atomic weight B) Temperature and Density C) Density and Pressure D) Temperature and Pressure E) None of these
About what percentage of incoming shortwave energy (sunlight) is absorbed by Earth’s surface A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 70% E) None of these
The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures scales have a significant shortcoming not shared by the Kelvin scale, which is that:
A) They allow for positive values C) They don’t go to “absolute zero” E) none of these
B) They allow for negative values D) They don’t go high enough
Which of the following is true?
A) Air pressure decreases as air cools
B) Cooling causes a density decrease in a column of air C) Heating causes a density decrease in a column of air D) Heating causes a mass decrease in a column of air E) Surface pressure rises with air temperature
Which of the following correctly describes the earth's shortwave-radiation balance? A) planetary albedo – 4%, atmospheric absorption – 31%, surface absorption – 65% B) planetary albedo – 10 %, atmospheric absorption – 20%, surface absorption – 70% C) planetary albedo – 30%, atmospheric absorption – 20%, surface absorption – 50% D) planetary albedo – 70%, atmospheric absorption – 20%, surface absorption – 10%
If you add 300
Patterns of circulation in Earth's atmosphere can be observed at many different spatial scales from global to local. Temperature differences, ________, and the configuration of the continents and oceans establish the large-scale atmospheric circulation
A) atmospheric beam depletion B) the rotation of Earth on its axis
C) the tilt of earth’s axis D) Weinz Law E) none of these
All of the following are true regarding the earth's radiation balance EXCEPT.
A) the sun heats the earth's surface more than it does the atmosphere.
B) sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation.
C) almost half the energy received by the earth's surface is returned to the atmosphere through latent heat flux.
D) sensible and latent heat flux together carry most of the energy stored at the surface into the atmosphere.
The earth's radiation balance involves.
A) conduction and convection emitting energy directly into space.
B) most energy emitted directly into space with no interaction with the atmosphere. C) most energy leaving the earth in the form of longwave radiation.
D) energy being radiated only upward into space.
The image to the left shows shortwave flux, which of the following terms is most relevant to the image?
A) albedo
B) continentality
C) greenhouse effect D) longwave radiation E) none of these
Approaching the equator, the angle of incidence ____ and the atmosphere attenuation ______. A) increases; increases B) decreases; decreases
C) increases; decreases D) decreases; increases
Which of the following statements about Earth is false?
A) Its rotational axis is pointed toward Polaris B) It is closest to the Sun at perihelion. C) It has an elliptical orbit. D) It is closest to the Sun in January E) None of these is false
Name the important zonal wind belts that blow from east to west in the mid-latitudes A) cyclonic winds B) meridional winds C) Trade winds
D) Westerlies E) none of the above
Rayleigh Scattering; which is why we have a blue sky, is caused by-
A) Gases, or other scattering agents that are smaller than the energy wavelengths B) Scattering agents that are larger than the energy wavelengths
C) Reflection off the surface of the ocean
D) Absorption of blue wavelengths by hydrogen gas
E) None of these
Using the insolation diagram (below), name the correct sequence of surface pressure zones associated with latitude zones. Start from the equator and move toward the poles.
A) low pressure, high pressure, low pressure, high pressure
B) high pressure, low pressure, high pressure, low pressure C) high pressure, high pressure, low pressure, low pressure D) low pressure, low pressure, high pressure, high pressure,
14) What feature on the map is part of the descending limbs of the Hadley cell?
A) Bermuda High
B) Isobars
C) ITCZ
D) Tibetan Low
E) none of the above
A parcel of unsaturated air at 10°C with 10g water vapor/kg of air is heated to 20°C. Which of the following is true?
A) The air has 10g water vapor/kg of air and is still unsaturated
B) The air has 10g water vapor/kg of air and is now saturated
C) The air has 20g water vapor/kg of air and is now unsaturated D) The air has 20g water vapor/kg of air and is now saturated
The intensity of tropical cyclones is characterized by the
A) Fujita scale B) the Enhanced Fujita scale D) the pressure gradient E) none of these
C) the Saffir-Simpson scale
Which of the following statements is true regarding high or low pressure for a parcel of air at the surface?
A) higher temperature, higher density, warmer air rises, lower pressure at surface
B) higher temperature, lower density, warmer air rises, higher pressure at surface
C) lower temperature, higher density, cold air rises, higher pressure at surface D) lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between air pressure and altitude? A) as one moves lower in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure decreases
B) as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure increases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
C) as one moves lower in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
D) as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
26) What location best represents a trough of low pressure? A, B, C, D, E
In the northern hemisphere objects are deflected to the
A) right, but based on objects moving to the north or south only. B) left, but based on objects moving to the north or south only. C) right, irrespective of which way it is moving.
D) left, irrespective of which way it is moving.
Which properly describes surface winds within the Tropics?
A) inconsistent winds, called the doldrums, which last for most of the year
B) winds blowing from southwest to northeast in the northern hemisphere, winds blowing northwest to southeast in the southern hemisphere
C) winds blowing from northwest to southeast in the northern hemisphere, winds blowing southwest to northeast in the southern hemisphere
D) winds blowing from northeast to southwest in the northern hemisphere, winds blowing southeast to northwest in the southern hemisphere
48) Based on your knowledge of the pressure gradient and Coriolis Effect, identify the proper pressure cell and location.
A) low pressure, Northern Hemisphere
B) low pressure, Southern Hemisphere
C) high pressure, Southern Hemisphere D) high pressure, Northern Hemisphere
January dew point temperatures are extremely low in northern areas of the U.S. because A) there is an abundance of insolation to drive the condensation.
B) of the presence of frequent mid-latitude cyclones.
C) there is little insolation to drive the evaporation.
D) relative humidity values are uniformly high.
For precipitation to occur
A) the force of gravity is incapable of overcoming the buoyant forces keeping water droplets and ice crystals suspended.
B) instability within the clouds must exceed the pull of gravity.
C) buoyant forces keeping water droplets/ice crystals suspended must be greater than the force of gravity.
D) buoyant forces keeping water droplets and ice crystals suspended must be less than the force of gravity.
The formation of freezing rain involves:
A) snow passing through a fairly thick layer of above freezing air before passing through a thin layer of subfreezing temperatures near the surface.
B) air temperatures decreasing uniformly with height, producing the cold conditions necessary for freezing rain formation.
C) air temperatures increasing uniformly with height, producing the cold conditions necessary for freezing rain formation.
D) snow passing through a fairly thin layer of above freezing air before passing through a thick layer of subfreezing temperatures near the surface.
75) In the figure to the left, this region receives the most July precipitation due to the clockwise circulation of high pressure supplying warm, moist air:
A, B, C, D
Located along the Gulf Coast and adjacent inland areas, ___ Alley has fewer tornadoes than Tornado Alley, but tornadoes in this region are often more deadly.
A) Dixie B) Gulf C) Redneck D) Tinpan E) None of these
Explanation / Answer
1. The answer is D) Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature
Green house gases primary function is to maintain Temperature
2. The answer is B) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
The remaining laws are diferent
3. The answer is D) thermal (infrared)
energy budget is about balancing thermal energy
4. the answer is D) water vapor, carbon dioxide, they are the major greenhouse gases
5. The answer is B) Temperature and Density, these wo mainly determine air pressure
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