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please help with this hydrology homework! Fall 2017 Clearly highlight your answe

ID: 120162 • Letter: P

Question

please help with this hydrology homework!

Fall 2017 Clearly highlight your answers to each question/section/etc with the units. Include diagrams where required QUESTIONS BASED ON CHAPTER 9 1. These field notes were taken from a linear array of piezometers installed on a flat surface at a single site Piezometer elevation at ground surface (m) depth of piezometer (m) depth to water (m) 450 150 27 450 100 47 450 100 36 Calculate the a) hydraulic head, b) pressure head, c) elevation head, and d) pressure of the system. Hint: Drawing a diagram and plotting the different data on it may help 2. Given the following measurements at individual piezometers, calculate the a) hydraulic head, b) pressure head, c) elevation head, and d) pressure. Piezometer 100 100 55 320 80 65 120 40 210 20 10 ground surface elevation (m) 450 piezometer depth (m) 150 depth to water surface (m) 27 65 3·Three piezometers (A, B, and C) are screened in the same horizontal aquifer. Piezometer C is due south of Piezometer B and Piezometer A is due directly west of Piezometer B. The distance between A-B is 200 m, and the distance between A-C is 288 m. The surface elevations of A, B, and C are 95 m, 110 m, and 135 m, respectively. The depth to groundwater in A is 5 m, B is 30 m, and C is 35 m. a. Determine the direction of the groundwater flow through the aquifer. b. Calculate the hydraulic gradient in meters/meters. c. Include a diagram. Assume the map distance is 1 inch 100 m.

Explanation / Answer

1) a) hydraulic head:

hydraulic head is nothing but the elevation of the water in the piezometer.Hence the elevation of water can be come by subtracting depth of water from surface elevation.

Surface elevation - depth to water

well 1

=450-27

=423m

well 2:

450-47

=403m

well3:

450-36

=414m

b) pressure head

pressure head is the height of the water above the depth of the piezometer above the datum.

Simply pressure head = depth of peizometer - depth to watertable

well1:

150-27

=123m

well2:

100-47

=53m

well3:

100-36

=64m

c)elevation head: it is the height of the measuring place within the peizometer above the datum.

= elevation of the surface - depth to peizometer.

well1:

450-150

=300m

well2:

450-100

=350m

well3:

450-100

=350m

d) pressure in the system :

p = hdg where h = height of the fluid or th edepth to the water

g= acceleration due to gravity

d= density of water

well1:

p = 27m *1000kg/m3 *9.8m/sec2

= 264600kg/metersec2 = 264600pascal

well2:

47*9800

=460600p

well3:

36*9800

=352800p

2)

a) hydraulic head : wellA) 450-27 = 423m

wellB: 100-65=35m

wellC) 320-55 = 265m

wellD: 65-40 = 25m

wellE: 210-10 =200m

b) pressure head :

wellA) 150-27 = 123m

wellB: 100-65 =35m

wellC: 80-55 =25m

wellD: 120-40 = 80m

wellE: 20-10 =10m

c)Elevation head:

wellA: 450-150 =300m

wellB: 100-100 =0m

wellC: 320-80=240m

wellD: 65-120 =-55m

wellE : 210-20 =190m

d) pressure in the system

wellA : 27*9800 =264600p

wellB: 65*9800 =637000p

wellC: 55*9800 =539000p

wellD: 40 *9800=392000p

wellE: 10*9800=98000p

3) b) hydraulic gradient = difference in hydraulic head between the wells/distance

hydraulic head at A = 95-5 = 90m

at B = 110-30= 80m

at C = 135-35 = 100m

hydraulic gradient at AB = 90-80 /200m

= 0.05m/m

at BC = 80-100 / 350 m {distance between BC comes from pythogorous theorem as we know two sides of a triangel as the three wells are place in the form of a triangle so , length2 (A) + length2B = C2  }

= 0.057m/m

At CA = 100-90 / 288 = 0.03m/m

a)ground water flows from high to low hydraulic head hence water flows from C to A to B