10. The (number 4) represents __________ and (number 1) is the ______________ fo

Question

10. The (number 4) represents __________ and (number 1) is the ______________ for this hydrograph.

base flow, storm event

rising limb, lag time

storm surge, storm duration

storm surge, storm intensity

increasing velocity, delay of arrival

11. Surface runoff by rainwater:

a. occurs when precipitation rate exceeds infiltration rate

b. is influenced by evapotranspiration

c. is important to groundwater recharge

d. enhanced by the absence of impeding vegetation

e. all of the above

12. Periphyton and aufwuchs apply to organisms that:

attach to surfaces of other objects and organisms

derive energy from aquatic macrophytes

occupy the interstitial spaces between sand particles

are associated with the surface of sediment      

are two different types of zooplankton

13. The archaea are:

a.a type of bacteria

b.well-adapted for extreme environments as well as ‘normal’ environments

c.responsible for anoxygenic photosynthesis

d.the primary cause of anoxia in hypolimnia

e.all of the above

Explanation / Answer

10. Base flow and storm events -

Explanation - Baseflow is a portion of stream flow that is not directly generated from the excess rainfall during a storm event.The method presented here is applicable for a single peak hydrograph resulting from a single storm event. Separating baseflow using the straight line method is suitable only for individual storm events.

11.(e) All of the above is correct -

Explanation - If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier. It is related to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil. And  Evapotranspiration - is defined as the water lost to the atmosphere from the ground surface, evaporation from the capillary fringe of the groundwater table, and the transpiration of groundwater by plants whose roots tap the capillary fringe of the groundwater table.And surface runoff water go to ground water as infiltration process.So its important for recharge of ground water.

12.( are two different types of zooplankton)

Explanation -Periphyton - has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies. Periphyton communities are used in aquaculture food production systems for the removal of solid and dissolved pollutants. Aufwuchs - is the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants. In both marine and freshwater environments, algae particularly green algae and diatoms make up the dominant component of aufwuchs communities.

13.(a type of bacteria)

Explanation - Archaea is any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus) that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria (the other, more prominent group of prokaryotes) as well as from eukaryotes (organisms, including plants and animals, whose cells contain a defined nucleus).

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