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point A. point B. point C. no point in the graph. 10 points QUESTION 3 A budget

ID: 1209255 • Letter: P

Question

point A.

point B.

point C.

no point in the graph.

10 points   

QUESTION 3

A budget deficit is defined as:

a shortfall of revenues compared to expenditures.

a shortfall of expenditures compared to revenue.

accumulated deficits minus accumulated surpluses.

accumulated surpluses minus accumulated deficits.

10 points   

QUESTION 4

A business is likely a sole proprietorship if:

it has two or more owners, with each owner liable for every other owner's actions.

it has only one owner who has unlimited liability.

it is legally treated as a person and owned by stockholders who are liable for the actions of the corporate "person."

multiple owners are liable only to the extent of their own investment.

10 points   

QUESTION 5

A company borrows money to supplement its current funds and uses it to buy more financial assets. This is what referred to as:

diversification.

leverage.

quantitative easing.

herding.

10 points   

QUESTION 6

A fiscal policy that increases government spending or cuts taxes is most appropriate when the economy is in:

a recessionary gap.

an inflationary gap.

a short-run equilibrium.

a long-run equilibrium.

10 points   

QUESTION 7

A recessionary gap exists when:

aggregate demand exceeds output.

actual output exceeds potential output.

output exceeds aggregate demand.

potential output exceeds actual output.

10 points   

QUESTION 8

A resource is said to have a comparative advantage if:

it is better suited to the production of one good than to the production of an alternative good.

it is equally suited to the production of all goods.

its suitability to the production of one good changes as it produces more of that good.

its suitability to the production of one good does not change as it produces more of that good.

10 points   

QUESTION 9

A tariff is:

a tax that government places on imported goods.

a quantity limitation placed on imports

an all-out restriction on imports.

a government-imposed procedural rule limiting imports.

10 points   

QUESTION 10

According to Say's Law, people:

supply goods in order to obtain other goods.

supply goods in order to accumulate profits.

demand goods in order to maximize their welfare.

demand goods so they can supply them to others.

10 points   

QUESTION 11

According to new growth theory, the primary source of growth is:

entrepreneurship.

government intervention in the market place.

technology.

capital.

10 points   

QUESTION 12

According to the law of demand, an increase in the price of baseball trading cards causes:

people to buy fewer trading cards.

people to buy more trading cards.

the scarcity of baseball trading cards to increase.

baseball trading cards to grow in abundance.

10 points   

QUESTION 13

An inflationary gap exists when:

aggregate demand exceeds output.

actual output exceeds potential output.

output exceeds aggregate demand.

potential output exceeds actual output.

10 points   

QUESTION 14

Any economic system:

can eliminate scarcity.

addresses the questions what is produced, how it is produced, and for whom it is produced.

provides all the goods people want and desire.

provides equal distribution of well-being among its participants.

10 points   

QUESTION 15

At a Chicago Bulls game 20,000 tickets were sold at $30 apiece. The game was sold out and some people did not get tickets. This suggests that the selling price:

was at equilibrium.

was below equilibrium.

was above equilibrium.

could not have been any higher.

10 points   

QUESTION 16

Certificates of ownership of a company are called:

financial liabilities.

limited liabilities.

profits.

stocks.

10 points   

QUESTION 17

Classicals:

generally favor activist government policies.

generally favor laissez-faire policies.

believe that frictional unemployment does not exist.

believe that all unemployment is cyclical unemployment.

10 points   

QUESTION 18

Debt service refers to:

how much debt a country incurs each year.

the interest rate a country pays on its debt.

the fraction of a country's debt that becomes due each year.

the interest payments a country makes on its debt each year.

10 points   

QUESTION 19

During the business cycle, an economic expansion occurs:

at the peak of the business cycle.

at the trough of a business cycle.

in between the peak and trough.

in between the trough and peak.

10 points   

QUESTION 20

Fiscal policies are policies that directly affect:

interest rates.

government spending and taxes.

the money supply.

the price level.

10 points   

QUESTION 21

For a given benefit, a rational person chooses the option that has:

the lowest opportunity cost.

the highest opportunity cost.

the average opportunity cost.

no opportunity cost.

10 points   

QUESTION 22

For the purposes of calculating GDP, gross private domestic investment includes:

the value of new residential construction.

purchases of stock.

purchases of old automobiles.

purchases of government bonds.

10 points   

QUESTION 23

GDP is the:

market value of an economy's production of final goods and services in a one year period.

sum of coins, bills, and demand deposits circulating in an economy one year period.

total expenditures of the federal government over the period of one year.

market value of an economy's production of all goods and services in a one year period.

10 points   

QUESTION 24

How many regional banks are in the Federal Reserve System?

6

8

12

15

10 points   

QUESTION 25

If nominal GDP is $14 trillion and real GDP is $12 trillion, the GDP deflator is:

86.

117.

112.

114.

10 points   

QUESTION 26

If the Fed simultaneously raises the discount rate and the reserve requirement, the money supply will:

contract.

remain unchanged.

expand.

take on a value that cannot be determined from the information given.

10 points   

QUESTION 27

If the federal funds rate is above the Fed's target range the Fed should:

follow expansionary policy.

follow contractionary policy.

print money.

do nothing.

10 points   

QUESTION 28

If the reserve ratio is 0.08, the money multiplier is:

1.0.

8.0.

10.5.

12.5.

10 points   

QUESTION 29

If the reserve requirement is 0.1, the money multiplier will be:

1.

10.

100.

1,000.

10 points   

QUESTION 30

In September 2010, the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee decided that the recession that began in December of 2007 had ended in July of 2009. The NBER does not use a popular definition of recession—two quarters of falling GDP—but looks at a variety of monthly statistics to date business cycles.

Read the paragraph shown. In July 2009 a recession ended. In business cycle terminology, what does July 2009 mark?

The trough of the cycle

The peak of the recession

The depression of the cycle

The duration of the recession

10 points   

QUESTION 31

In order for the U.S. Treasury to avoid refinancing debt at higher interest rates, it will have to:

default on interest payments.

allow the Federal Reserve to engage in more quantitative easing.

issue more long term bonds.

issue less long terms bonds.

10 points   

QUESTION 32

In order of their occurrence, the phases of the business cycle are:

peak, downturn, upturn, trough.

peak, upturn, downturn, trough.

peak, downturn, trough, upturn.

peak, upturn, trough, downturn.

10 points   

QUESTION 33

In socialism:

economic forces do not operate.

individuals are encouraged to act for their own benefit.

government planning, rather than the market, is relied upon to coordinate economic activity.

distribution is determined by the individual's ability.

10 points   

QUESTION 34

In which two markets did a bubble form that led to a financial crisis in 2008?

Housing and mortgage-backed securities.

Housing and automobiles.

Mortgage-backed securities and tulips.

South Sea Company and tulips.

10 points   

QUESTION 35

Keynesian economists focus their analysis on:

the long run.

the short run.

aggregate supply.

economic growth.

10 points   

QUESTION 36

Keynesians:

generally favor activist government policies.

generally favor laissez-faire policies.

believe that frictional unemployment does not exist.

believe that all unemployment is cyclical unemployment.

10 points   

QUESTION 37

M1 consists primarily of cash in the hands of the public and:

savings account balances.

commercial paper.

checking account deposits.

certificates of deposit.

10 points   

QUESTION 38

Macroeconomics is:

the study of individual choice and how that choice is influenced by economic forces.

the study of the pricing policies of firms and the purchasing decisions of households.

the study of aggregate economic relationships.

an analysis of economic reality that proceeds from the parts to the whole.

10 points   

QUESTION 39

Markets coordinate economic activity through:

the price mechanism.

commanding individuals what to do.

asking individuals what to do.

the legal mechanism.

10 points   

QUESTION 40

Monetary policy directly affects:

social spending.

tax rates.

the availability of credit.

the antitrust laws.

10 points   

QUESTION 41

News Story: Workers at a car-manufacturing plant in Flint, Michigan are laid off because the economy is weak and GM cars aren't selling well. GM isn't sure when the plant will reopen. What type of unemployment describes the workers' situation?

Cyclical unemployment

Full unemployment

Structural unemployment

Frictional unemployment

10 points   

QUESTION 42

Quantitative easing involves all of the following except for:

higher long-term interest rates.

higher asset prices.

Lower long-term interest rates.

Purchasing longer-term bonds.

10 points   

QUESTION 43

production efficiency is increased because we have more of good X.

production efficiency is decreased because we have less of good Y.

production efficiency is decreased because we are no longer on the production possibility curve.

the change in efficiency is unclear.

10 points   

QUESTION 44

A

B

C

D

10 points   

QUESTION 45

Sunk costs:

are essential parts of economic decisions.

are irrelevant to economic decisions.

should be considered, but only when marginal cost is less than marginal benefit.

should be considered only when there is no information about marginal cost and marginal benefit.

10 points   

QUESTION 46

Suppose nominal GDP is $14 trillion and the GDP deflator is 122.5. Given this information, what is real GDP?

$9.8 trillion

$11.4 trillion

$13.8 trillion

$15.2 trillion

10 points   

QUESTION 47

Suppose the marginal cost of dating Perry is $30 and the marginal benefit is worth $40 to you. Following economic reasoning, you should:

date Perry.

not date Perry.

determine what your sunk costs are.

determine what your total benefits and total costs are.

10 points   

QUESTION 48

Suppose the people in my town hear a rumor that their local bank is in trouble and all rush to withdraw money from the bank. This is referred to as:

leverage.

a moral hazard problem.

a bad precedent problem.

a bank run.

10 points   

QUESTION 49

Suppose the reserve requirement is 20 percent. A $1 billion purchase of government securities by the Fed will:

increase the potential amount of checkable deposits in the banking system by $5 billion.

increase the potential amount of checkable deposits in the banking system by $1 billion.

reduce the potential amount of checkable deposits in the banking system by $1 billion.

reduce the potential amount of checkable deposits in the banking system by $5 billion.

10 points   

QUESTION 50

Suppose you work in investments for a financial institution, and other banks are making a fortune with Irish goldmines. The fact that you are more likely to move to invest in Irish goldmines just because you see other banks doing so is called:

the law of diminishing control.

leverage.

herding.

diversification.

10 points   

QUESTION 51

The Fed sells short-term debt and uses the proceeds to buy long-term debt. This represents:

precommitment policies.

standard monetary policy.

quantitative easing.

operation twist.

10 points   

QUESTION 52

The business cycle is:

the term used to describe fluctuations in output around its long-term trend.

the length of time required by a firm to buy inputs and produce and sell output.

the pattern of increases and decreases in the money supply.

regular and predictable.

10 points   

QUESTION 53

The defensive and offensive actions of the Fed differ because offensive actions are designed to:

tighten monetary policy and defensive actions are designed to ease monetary policy.

ease monetary policy and defensive actions are designed to tighten monetary policy.

change the current monetary policy while defensive actions are designed to reinforce the current monetary policy.

reinforce the current monetary policy while defensive actions are designed to change the current monetary policy.

10 points   

QUESTION 54

The discount rate is the interest rate:

commercial banks charge their largest customers.

the Fed charges on loans to individuals.

the Fed charges on loans to commercial banks.

the interest rate commercial banks charge one another for overnight loans.

10 points   

QUESTION 55

The effect of higher gasoline prices is most likely to:

increase the demand for hybrid cars and increase the demand for the gas guzzler Hummer.

decrease the demand for hybrid cars and decrease the demand for the gas guzzler Hummer.

increase the demand for hybrid cars and decrease the demand for the gas guzzler Hummer.

decrease the demand for hybrid cars and increase the demand for the gas guzzler Hummer.

10 points   

QUESTION 56

The price mechanism that guides people's actions is called the:

invisible market force.

invisible hand.

invisible handshake.

invisible foot.

10 points   

QUESTION 57

The primary tool of monetary policy is:

the discount rate.

the reserve requirement.

the prime rate.

open market operations.

10 points   

QUESTION 58

The statement "government should provide affordable health care coverage for every member of society" is:

a statement that everyone agrees with.

a statement that everyone disagrees with.

a positive statement.

a normative statement.

10 points   

QUESTION 59

Three hurricanes, combined with the already high real-estate prices, have made people reconsider whether to retire to Florida. The cost of homeownership has increased due to stricter building codes. The influx of retirees is not expected to change because the baby boom generation is approaching retirement age and Florida has long attracted many retirees. Which of the following factors is tending to move the demand curve for Florida housing to the right?

The aging of the baby boomers, increasing the number of people who are retiring

The increase in the cost of insurance

The already high real-estate prices

The current high construction costs

10 points   

QUESTION 60

To keep the price of gas from rising quickly after Katrina, the government instituted price ceilings on the price of gasoline in some states. These price ceilings caused ______ in the gasoline market.

surpluses

movement of the demand curve

movement along the demand curve

shortages

10 points   

QUESTION 61

Unemployment caused by people entering the job market and people quitting a job just long enough to look for and find another one is called:

structural unemployment.

frictional unemployment.

cyclical unemployment.

are not counted in the unemployment rate.

10 points   

QUESTION 62

What tool of monetary policy will the Fed use to increase the federal funds rate from 1 percent to 1.25 percent?

Open-market operations

The discount rate

A change in reserve requirements

Margin requirements

10 points   

QUESTION 63

When a clerk gives you a pair of jeans for your $20 bill, money is serving which function?

Medium of exchange

Store of real assets

Unit of account

Store of wealth

10 points   

QUESTION 64

When the government runs a deficit, it will:

buy bonds to finance the deficit.

sell bonds to finance the deficit.

reduce the money supply to finance the deficit.

raise taxes immediately.

10 points   

QUESTION 65

When there is unsustainable rapidly rising prices of some type of financial asset, such as stock, we refer to this a:

liquidity trap.

bubble.

bad-precedent problem.

moral-hazard problem.

10 points   

QUESTION 66

Which of the following contributes to structural unemployment?

A general downturn in the economy.

People quitting a job just long enough to look for and find another one.

People over 65 who don't really want to work.

People losing a job when their skills become obsolete due to technological innovations.

10 points   

QUESTION 67

Which of the following is a characteristic of a market economy?

Private property

Government ownership of the means of production

Distribution according to need

Tradition determines the what, how, and for whom decisions

10 points   

QUESTION 68

Which of the following is not included in GDP but is included in GNP?

A foreign company's production in the United States

Income of a citizen of Germany working in the United States

Economic activity of U.S. citizens working abroad

Sales of a good by one firm to another firm

10 points   

QUESTION 69

Who determines U.S. monetary policy?

Congress

The president

The Internal Revenue Service

The Federal Reserve

10 points   

QUESTION 70

Your opportunity cost of taking this course is:

the tuition you paid for the course.

the net benefit of the activity you would have chosen if you had not taken the course.

the net benefit of taking this course.

the cost of the activity you would have chosen if you had not taken the course.

point A.

point B.

point C.

no point in the graph.

Explanation / Answer

1. Point A

3. A Budget Deficit is defined as a shortfall of revenues compared to expenditures.

4. it has only one owner who has unlimited liability.

5. leverage

6. recessionary gap

7. potential output exceeds actual output.

8. it is better suited to the production of one good than to the production of an alternative good.

9. a tax that government places on imported goods.

10. supply goods in order to obtain other goods.

11. technology.

12. people to buy fewer trading cards.

13. actual output exceeds potential output.

14. addresses the questions what is produced, how it is produced, and for whom it is produced.

15. was below equilibrium.

16. profits

17. generally favor laissez-faire policies.

18. how much debt a country incurs each year.

19. at the peak of the business cycle.

20. government spending and taxes.

21. the highest opportunity cost.

22. the value of new residential construction.

23. market value of an economy's production of final goods and services in a one year period.

24. 12

25. 117; The GDP deflator is a measure of price inflation. It is calculated by dividing Nominal GDP by Real GDP and then multiplying by 100.

26. remain unchanged

27. follow contractionary policy.

28. 12.5; [The money multiplier, m, is the inverse of the reserve requirement, RR:

]

29. 10

30. Paragraph is not provided

31. allow the Federal Reserve to engage in more quantitative easing.

32. peak, downturn, trough, upturn.

33. government planning, rather than the market, is relied upon to coordinate economic activity.

34. Housing and mortgage-backed securities.

35. the short run.

36. generally favor activist government policies

37. checking account deposits

38. the study of aggregate economic relationships.

39. the price mechanism

40. social spending.

41. Structural unemployment

42. higher asset prices

43. [picture is not provided]

44. [picture is not provided]

45. are essential parts of economic decisions.

46. $11.4 trillion

47. date Perry

48. bank run;

49. increase the potential amount of checkable deposits in the banking system by $1 billion

50. leverage

51. operation twist; Operation Twist, or 'Twist', is a policy by which the Federal Reserve sells short-term government bonds and buys long-dated Treasuries, in an effort to push down long-term interest rates and therefore boost the economy.

52. the term used to describe fluctuations in output around its long-term trend.

53. change the current monetary policy while defensive actions are designed to reinforce the current monetary policy.

54. the Fed charges on loans to commercial banks.

55.

56. invisible hand.

57. open market operations.

58. a normative statement.

59.

60. movement along the demand curve

61. frictional unemployment

62. A change in reserve requirements

63. medium of exchange

64. reduce the money supply to finance the deficit

65. bubble

66. A general downturn in the economy.

67. Tradition determines the what, how, and for whom decisions

68. Economic activity of U.S. citizens working abroad

69. The Federal Reserve

70. the cost of the activity you would have chosen if you had not taken the course