Some study questions about global warming that I need help on. (17) A looming en

Question

Some study questions about global warming that I need help on.

(17) A looming environmental concern involves "ocean acidification". What processes is causing acidification? (18) What information and what sort of numerical model is needed to compute the radiative forcing caused by a CO2 doubling? (19) What is meant by the CO2 air-borne fraction, and roughly what is its magnitude? (20) Roughly how far into the past do we have credible estimates of global average temperature based on thermometer measurements? (21) Roughly how much overall warming has occurred to date from the beginning of the thermometer- based (i.e. "instrumental) global surface air temperature record? (22) How is it possible that some locations on Earth do not show a clear overall warming trend even as the Earth as a whole is warming? (23) What has caused the stratosphere to cool over the past few decades? (24) List a few aspects of the climate system that have changed significantly over the past few decades. (25) Why does the uncertainty in the climate impact of aerosols over the past few decades make it harder to make reliable predictions of future climate changes? (26) Why is it expected that the continents will warm more quickly than the oceans over the next century? (27) What parts are the planet are expected to warm the most over the next century? Which the least? (28) Several decades are required before the earth's climate has adjusted to an increase in greenhouse gases. What controls this lag? (29) To balance the total solar energy absorbed by the ground, heat must be transported away from the surface. Roughly what fraction of the total energy carried upwards from the surface is by means of longwave radiation (i.e. infrared). What processes are responsible for the remaining energy that is carried upwards from the surface. Do you expect the total energy carried upwards by these processes to increase or decrease as greenhouse gases buildup in the atmosphere? (30) The "climate equation" has three terms. Explain what these terms represent. (31) Explain why it is difficult to use observations of the climate system over the past few decades to calculate the climate feedback parameter via the "climate equation" (32) What properties of the climate system determine the equilibration time, i.e. the time required to reach new equilibrium after a perturbation in greenhouse gas abundance?

Explanation / Answer

Ocean has a certain pH level, which is required for the species living in water. Ocean acidification is a process where ocean absorbs high levels of carbon dioxide, the acidity levels raise and the natural order of the ocean becomes compromised.

Causes of Ocean Acidification:

• The industrial revolution

• High concentration of carbon dioxide

• Burning of fossil fuels

• Cement manufacturing

• Changes of land use

• Raising of carbon dioxide levels in the ocean

• Raising of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

• Chemical reactions causing high concentration of hydrogen ions in water

• Decrease in carbonate ions

• Loss of biodiversity

• Production alterations of biogas

• Lack of environmentally friendly laws and regulations

• Waste disposal

• Deforestation

• Algal blooms

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