Public Policy Analysis In a three to four page APA paper, create a public policy

Question

Public Policy Analysis

In a three to four page APA paper, create a public policy to address an issue you consider important.  

Construct the details of the policy utilizing one of the models listed below.

Discuss the rationale of the policy and how your model will assist policy makers in their decision making and implementation processes.

Evaluate your model utilizing the general criteria provided in the text.  

You are required to use at least two outside sources to support your position.

Models of Public Policies:

Institutional Model

Process Model

Group Model

Elite Model

Rational Model

Public Choice Model

Incremental Model

Game Theory Model

Explanation / Answer

Rational Model:-

Rational model[edit]

See Rational planning model for a fuller discussion

The rational model of decision-making is a process for making sound decisions in policy-making in the public sector. Rationality is defined as “a style of behavior that is appropriate to the achievement of given goals, within the limits imposed by given conditions and constraints”.[12] It is important to note the model makes a series of assumptions, such as: 'The model must be applied in a system that is stable'; 'The government is a rational and unitary actor and that its actions are perceived as rational choices'; 'The policy problem is unambiguous'; 'There are no limitations of time or cost'.

Furthermore, in the context of the public sector policy models are intended to achieve maximum social gain. Simon identifies an outline of a step by step mode of analysis to achieve rational decisions. Ian Thomas describes Simon's steps as follows:

The model of rational decision-making has also proven to be very useful to several decision making processes in industries outside the public sphere. Nonetheless, there are some who criticize the rational model due to the major problems which can be faced & which tend to arise in practice because social and environmental values can be difficult to quantify and forge consensus around.[14] Furthermore, the assumptions stated by Simon are never fully valid in a real world context.

Further criticism of the rational model include: leaving a gap between planning and implementation, ignoring of the role of people, entrepreneurs, leadership, etc., the insufficiency of technical competence (i.e. ignoring the human factor), reflecting too mechanical an approach (i.e. the organic nature of organizations), requiring of multidimensional and complex models, generation of predictions which are often wrong (i.e. simple solutions may be overlooked), & incurring of cost (i.e. costs of rational-comprehensive planning may outweigh the cost savings of the policy).

However, Thomas R. Dye, the president of the Lincoln Center for Public Service states the rational model provides a good perspective since in modern society rationality plays a central role and everything that is rational tends to be prized. Thus, it does not seem strange that “we ought to be trying for rational decision-making”

Rational Decisions

Business people are faced with decision making every day. Intuitive and rational decision making are the two ways that an individual can approach problem solving. Some people are very aware of feelings or instincts and use them as guides to decision making. These types of feelings are instinctive and rely on intuition and not facts. In fact, intuition is the ability to have a grasp on a situation or information without the need for reasoning. In business, people use this type of decision making when facts are unavailable or when decisions are difficult in nature.

The second, opposing type of decision making is called rational decision making, which is when individuals use analysis, facts and a step-by-step process to come to a decision. Rational decision making is a precise, analytical process that companies use to come up with a fact-based decision. Let's take a look at how the rational decision-making process can work in an organizational environment.

Rational Model

Violet Jones is a manager at the Intestinal Distress Tacos fast food restaurant. She is under enormous pressure from headquarters to increase her monthly profits. Violet is not sure what the solution is for her financial dilemma. She has to decide to use the rational decision-making model to determine the best path for a solution. To do this, Violet must follow these six steps:

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