1. Name four antibiotic classes in the group \"Drugs affecting cell wall synthes
ID: 121826 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Name four antibiotic classes in the group "Drugs affecting cell wall synthesis"? 2. Define the beta lactam ring. a)What is the importance of the enzymes that disrupt the ring(i.e. beta lactamase) b)How is this overcome? Give an example of a drug designed for this purpose. Which of the drug classes in this group may be implicated in cross-allergenicity? PCN G is administered is delivered in a potassium or sodium salt. What nursing consideration does that present? Probenecid extends the life of PCN by? Describe nursing administration guidelines when PCN and an aminoglycoside are used together.
Explanation / Answer
Drugs affecting cell wall synthesis:
Beta lactam ring is four membered lactam or cyclic amide ring having a carbonyl group and nitrogen group located at beta position to carbonyl group. Related derivatives form a class of beta lactam antibiotics.
Beta lactamase are the enzymes produced by bacteria to resist against beta lactam antibiotics. They do so by hydrolyzing the beta lactam ring of drug.
This is overcome by development of a class of drugs which inhibit this enzyme. Beta lactamase inhibitors inhibit beta lactamase by forming a complex or other mechanisms. This prevents hydrolysis of beta lactam ring. Example of drug developed in this class is Sulbactam.
If a person is allergic to one class of beta lactam antibiotics, there may be a reactivity to other similar class also due to similarity in structure. Example, cross reactivity is reported between penicillin and some drugs of cephalosporin class.
Nursing considerations: If a patient is administered Penicillin G sodium, serum sodium level should be monitored and signs of heart failure should be assessed.
If Penicillin G potassium administered to a patient having hypertension, sodium content should also be present in dose.
Fruit juice or acid beverage alters effect of oral Penicillin G, so not given to patient.
Drug interaction with ACE inhibitors, potassium containing drugs should be considered if Penicillin G potassium is given.
Probenecid is a renal tubular blocking agent. It also acts as uricosuric. It inhibits tubular secretion of penicillin by inhibiting organic anion transporter, thus increasing its plasma levels and half life.
Penicillin and aminoglycosides are not given in same syringe or mixed in same bottle as penicillin deactivates aminoglycosides if administered together by forming inactive amides.
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