Use the image in \"Discussion Question Resource: Chest X-Ray\" to answer the fol

Question

Use the image in "Discussion Question Resource: Chest X-Ray" to answer the following Critical Thinking Questions.

Examine the x-ray of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia due to infection with Mucor. Refer to the "Module 4 DQ Chest Xray" resource in order to complete the following questions.

Critical Thinking Questions

Explain what Mucor is and how a patient is likely to become infected with Mucor. Describe the pathophysiologic progression of the infection into pneumonia and at least two medical/nursing interventions that would be helpful in treating the patient.

Examine the laboratory blood test results and arterial blood gases provided in "Discussion Question Resource: Laboratory Blood Test Results." What laboratory values are considered abnormal? Explain each abnormality and discuss the probable causes from a pathophysiologic perspective.

What medications and medical treatments are likely to be prescribed by the attending physician on this case? List at least three medications and three treatments. Provide rationale for each of the medications and treatments you suggest.

Explanation / Answer

Defination:-

Mucor is a Fungal infection which is also diagnosed as mucormycosis and zygomycosis. It consist of 6 species of modules commonly found in soil,digestive system, plants surface, wood, cheeses and rotten vegetables. Mucor is mostly effect the brain, sinuse, lungs and abdomen.This species are fast growing which is typically charecterised as white to beige or grey, which is seen in and around the effected blood vessels.

The most comon people effected are those whoare immunocompromised, after any organ transplant, diabetic mellitus etc.

Pathopysiology :-

Signs and symptomps :-

Treatment :-

As this is a fungal infection there only anti fungal treatment .

the medication been used for this treatment are as follows .

the main drug used for the treatment is Amphotericin B which is helped to erradicate the diseases.

the second drug been used is Posaconazole this medication is mostly used to treat the neutropenia ,hematological patients with GVHD and mucormycosis.

Other combination medication as supportive treatment are Flucanazole and Voricanazole.

Surgical treatment:-

Removal of "fungus ball " from the effected area .

Debridement of the tissue.

Adjuvent therapy:-

Hyperboric oxygen , this is the therapy used after surgery where a higer oxygen pressre is been introduced in the effected area which helps to kill the organisms. As oxygen has an incresed ability to kill the organisms.

Laboratory test:-

Blood test :

CBC, helps to revel the neutropinia .

Electrolytes, bicarbonetes, and bloos glucose helps to reveal homeostasis and correction of acidosis.

ABG, it reveals the degree of the acidosis and helps for the correction of therapy

Iron studies reveals high feritin and low iron binding capacity.

CSF fluid, the fluid analysis reveals the increased intracranial pressure.

Blood culture:- identifes the fungal infection but the bacterial growth is negative, but quantitaive polymerase chain raction is positive (ASSAY possitive) is found with in 10 days ofinfection and 48% of PCRnegative is monitored after treatment.

Imaging Test:-

CT scan and MRI :- This both test are used to identify the effected area from brain, lungs, sinuses, and abdomine.this test helps to reveal the mucormycosis.

Risk Factors:-

HIV/AIDS

Diabetic mellitus

Cancer (Lymphomas)

Kidney Failure.

Interventions:-

1. Avoid contaminated food consumption, always have freshly cooked foods .

2. Maitain hygiene, like washing hands with antiseptic lotions, wash after every voiding etc.

3. Avoid exposure to contaminated environment , and also maitain cleanliness at the surroundings

4.Maitain Strict Barrier nusing to the immunocompramissed patients.

5. Use aspetic procedure while doing any procedure.

6. Monitor the patient for any complications like bleeding , mucositis, headche, and inform immediately to the doctor.

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