Q11. Between 1966 (the beginning of Johnson\'s Great Society) and 1999, how much

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Q11. Between 1966 (the beginning of Johnson's Great Society) and 1999, how much had the distribution of income between rich and poor changed?
   a. Very little; the gulf between the two stayed about the same.
   b. Somewhat; the poor are now slightly worse off than they were in 1966.
   c. Greatly; the rich were much richer relative to the poor than in 1966.
   d. Greatly; the poor were relatively better off than in 1966.
   e. The percentage of income distribution has completely reversed for the rich and poor.

Q12. Transfer payments are
   a. money intended for one program but transferred to fund another.
   b. funding transferred from one level of government to cover the activities of another level of government.
   c. funding provided directly to individuals through government programs.
   d. funding provided to government through tax payments by individuals.
   e. money used to cover deficits.

Q13. A flat tax violates the principle of
   a. tax adequacy.
   b. loophole elimination.
   c. simplicity.
   d. progressive taxation.
   e. equal distribution.

Q14. One of the difficulties of policy evaluation comes from the fact that
   a. there is no single agreed-on method of evaluating policy.
   b. there is no pool of experts trained in policy evaluation.
   c. scholars attempt to be unbiased.
   d. Congress seldom allocates funding for evaluation of its policies.
   e. once passed, no one wants proof the policy may not work as designed.

Q15. When political scientists talk about feedback loops and policy cycles, the assumption is that
   a. more advanced computers will improve government decision making.
   b. every good government program is expected to solve a problem and be phased out.
   c. policies are never over; they continue to be refined, reargued, and changed.
   d. Congress accomplishes most of its work at the end of the calendar year.
   e. a policy which fails to go through this cycle is a failed policy.

Q16. For the United States, a major result of the end of the Cold War seems to be have been
   a. an end to worries about national security.
   b. a large 'peace dividend' to be spent on nonmilitary programs.
   c. confusion about the U.S. international role and U.S. foreign policy goals.
   d. an increase in the rate of global warming.
   e. renewed insistence that military strength will prevail.

Q17. Which of the following is true of the National Security Council?
   a. Its activities are unrelated to those of the State Department.
   b. There is variation in the extent to which presidents use it.
   c. It is designed to be independent of the president.
   d. It is an informal, impermanent group.
   e. It is more closely aligned with the CIA than any other security component.

Q18. A congressional representative who wanted to respond to public opinion on the budget deficit would
   a. simply cut all programs across the board.
   b. cut social security and social welfare spending.
   c. simply raise taxes.
   d. face a dilemma because the public wants both overall spending cuts and increased funding for many social programs.
   e. direct the issue to the executive branch since budget control is managed there.

Q19. The effect of the poll tax was to
   a. keep black Americans from voting.
   b. tie voting to property ownership.
   c. raise money to pay for elections.
   d. support preelection opinion polls.
   e. raise contributions for black candidates running for office.

Q20. The lesson of Gramm-Rudman is that
   a. despite popular perceptions, Congress can balance the budget.
   b. Congress lacks the political will to force itself to balance the budget.
   c. the president ultimately has final control over the budget.
   d. all of these are true.
   e. none of these are true.

Explanation / Answer

Question 12) Transfer payments are :-

Answer:- funding provided directly to individuals through government programs. (like old age pensions, Scholarships, Gifts etc.)

Conclusion:- Funding provided directly to individuals through government programs. (Option c)

Question 13) A flat tax violates the principle of:-

Answer:- Progressive Taxation (Option d)

Explanation:- Poor people are very much affected by flat tax system. The Flat Tax System is not good for the poor people.

Conclusion:- Progressive Taxation (Option d)

Question 17) Which of the following is true of the National Security Council ?

Answer:- It is more closely aligned with the CIA than any other security component. (Option e)

NOTE:- CIA stands for Central Intelligence Agency.

Question 19) The effect of the poll tax was to :-

Answer:- Keep black Americans from voting. (Option a)

Question 20) Answer:- Option d. All of these (Option a, b and c) are true.

Conclusion:- Option d.

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