_____36. This phase in drug elimination uses a polar group a. Phase I b. Phase I
ID: 124918 • Letter: #
Question
_____36. This phase in drug elimination uses a polar group
a. Phase I
b. Phase II
c. Phase III
d. Phase IV _____
37. The process in which the drug is reabsorbed from the liver circulation is called
a. Bioavailability
b. First pass effect
c. Enterohepatic circulation
d. Recirculation _____
38. All are included in the components of drug receptor interaction except: a. Receptors largely determine the quantitative relations between dose of drug and pharmacologic effects. b. Receptors are responsible for selectivity of drug action. c. Receptors mediate the actions of both pharmacologic agonists and antagonists. d. Receptors mediates the process of bioavailability
______39. The process wherein the drug competes with the normal substrate or coenzyme so that a new equilibrium is achieved in the presence of the drug is called
a. Specific competitive equilibrium
b. Non specific competitive equilibrium
c. Specific non competitive equilibrium
d. Specific competitive non equilibrium
______40. All are included in the process of receptor signalling except
a. Recognition of signal by receptors
b. Transduction of message
c. Transmission of second messenger
d. Modulation of receptors
Explanation / Answer
36a) Phase II is the correct answer. - the process of conjugation of a phase 1 metabolite with a polar group will make it easier to metabolize.
37. b) is the correct answer - first pass effect - The first pass system ensures that a drug taken orally is metabolized within the hepatic tissues and only a fraction of it will reach circulation. For an e.g. an oral drug taken by the patient is first subject to the actions of the acids in the gastric lumen. After it is broken down it will be absorbed through the intestinal wall and again reacts with enzymes in the gut wall. The remaining viable part of the drug is then moved to the hepatic circulation and liver which metabolizes the drug again with help of hepatic enzymes. Now only a small fraction is available to be released into circulation to produce the desired effect. here the bioavailability of the drug in circulation is low compared to intravenous routes which skip the first pass effect. In enterohepatic circulation - the drug will be excreted into intestines where they will be reabsorbed back into circulation (from intestine) and end up back in the liver for metabolization resulting in increased serum concentrations.
38. d) cannot be included.
39. a) is the correct answer.
40. d) cannot be included.
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