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1. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with a diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism?
2. Iron deficiency anemia is most common in what age group?
3. A 14-month-old is diagnosed with iron deficiency secondary to poor iron Intake. Her hemoglobin is 8.7 g/dl. You counsel regarding the sources of dietary iron. The most appropriate next step is:

4. Which of the following diagnostic studies is characteristic of acute lyrnphoblastic leukemia at the time of diagnosis?
5. Which of the following statements regarding galactosemia is true?
6. Which of the following scenarios is suspicious for the development of neonatal jaundice with potential for kernicterus?
7. A 2-year-old with sickle-cell anemia presents to your office with a fever of 103.4°F, lethargy, and malaise. The mother tells you she stopped giving the child the amoxiciliin prescribed by his hematologist because she is concerned about antimicrobial resistance. Which of the following diagnoses should be considered in this scenario?

N/B there are no examples and scenarios just explain your answers

Explanation / Answer

ANSWERS

1) congenital hypothyroidism

it is inadequate thyroid production in newborn infants. it occures due to anatomic defect in gland , an inborn error of thyroid metabolism , or iodine deficiency.

signs ; decreased acctivity, largee anterior frontanelle, hypotonia, yellow skin or eyes, sleeping longer, constipation, weak muscle tone, swelling around eyes, swollen tongue, cool pale skin

diagnostic evaluation ; confirmed by decreased levels of serum thyroid hormone and elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone., thyroid scanning, ultrasonography,

2) iron deficiency aneamia

it is common type of aneamia. a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. it is due to insufficient iron.the groups at highest risk for iron deficiency are infants under 2 years, preschool age . next risk grops are teens. , sympoms are pale skin , tiredness. other signs like rapid heartbeat, irritability, loss of appetite, brittle nails, and sore or swollen tongue.

3) health education for iron deficiency anemia.

iron rich foods ; red meat, pork, poultry, seafood, beans, dark green leafy vegetables, spinach, dried fruits, apricots, peas

vitamin c containing food to enhance iron absorption like broccoli, grapefruit, kiwi, leafy greens, melons, oranges, peppers, strawberries, tomatoes.

4) acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an acute form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells, charecterised by the overproduction and accumulation of cancerous immature white blood cells, known as lymphoblasts. lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continously multiply, causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells.

diagnosis ; physical examination, complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture, pathological examination, ct scan, ultrasound, immunophenotyping,

5) galactosemias

it is family of genetic disorders that results from compromised ability to metabolize the sugar galactose ; the term means too much galactose in the blood.

types are classic and clinical varient galactosemia, duarte varient galactosemia , galactokinase deficiency, epimerase deficiency.

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