Topic is OVERUSE IN HEALTHCARE Please research and elaborate on the topic and an

Question

Topic is OVERUSE IN HEALTHCARE

Please research and elaborate on the topic and answer to the best of your ability. Thank you!

Data Collection

Discuss the collection of your data. Was it quantitative or qualitative? How did you collect the data? How did you protect the integrity of the data? For our example, if 10 nursing home residents could be interviewed; this would be qualitative in nature. Likewise, conducting a numerical poll would be quantitative. If you conduct personal interviews, you will want to ensure minimal researcher bias. This section requires two paragraphs in length.

Data Analysis

Discuss the process where you analyzed your data. How did you analyze it? If quantitative, what statistical tool did you use? If qualitative, how did you interpret the information? This section requires one paragraph in length.

Explanation / Answer

Data is quantitative/qualitative value of variables. It is Plural of “datuom”           represents, ideas, object etc.

Importance of data

A bases or raw materials for analysis.

Without an analysis of factual data, no specific inferences can be drawn on the questions under study.

The relevance, adequacy and reliability of data determine the quality of the findings of a study.

Quantitative data: It is the one that focuses on numbers and mathematical calculations, and can be calculated and computed. These data types are used in a number of fields like marketing, sociology, business, public health.

While qualitative data cannot be expressed as a number. This type of data is characterized on nominal scales such as gender, socio economic status, and religious preference.

                                          SOURCES OF DATA

Primary Source

ØData is collected by researcher himself

ØData is gathered through questionnaire, Interviews, observations etc.

Secondary Source

ØData collected, compiled or written by other researchers e.g. books, journals, newspapers

ØAny reference must be acknowledged.

How the data is collected in nursing:

·         Direct observational data manually collected

·         Artifacts such as documents, photographs, and physical objects

·         Case study method

·         In-depth interviews

·         Survey method

      Primary data are original in character because the researcher himself collects the data.

      Secondary data are not original. They are collected by somebody else. The researcher only makes use of them.

What is need to protect the integrity of the data?

Going into a nursing home can turn out to be a critical life experience if elderly people are afraid of losing their independence and identity after having moved into a nursing home. It is observed that health care providers should better protect patients' privacy and medical data. Some patient data are stolen, whereas other data are volunteered by or elicited from helpful staff members or even the patients themselves.

Hence this is very crucial and ethical issue to protect the integrity of data.

How to protect the integrity of the data:

In order to find out what nursing home residents need after moved into a nursing home to maintain their identity.

The primary rationale for preserving data integrity is to support the detection of errors in the data collection process, whether they are made intentionally (deliberate falsifications) or not (systematic or random errors).

Examples of data collection problems that require prompt action include:

Ø Errors in individual data items

Ø Systematic errors

Ø Violation of protocol

Ø Problems with individual staff or site performance

Ø Fraud or scientific misconduct

Maintaining privacy and confidentiality helps to protect participants from potential harms including psychological harm such as embarrassment or distress; social harms such as loss of employment or damage to one‘s financial standing; and criminal or civil liability.

Confidentiality pertains to the treatment of information that an individual has disclosed in a relationship of trust and with the expectation that it will not be divulged to others without permission in ways that are inconsistent with the understanding of the original disclosure.

Protocols should be designed to minimize the need to collect and maintain identifiable.

This record can be protected using electronic record it should be maintained using some statistical software and under a authorized commette.

Data analysis is a very important part of the research process. Before performing data analysis, researchers must make sure that numbers in their data are as accurate as possible.

DATA ANALYSIS                                                           

1. To analyze data from interviews and observation, using summary sheet and checklist

2. To analyze data from questionnaires, manually or by software SPSS                     

3. In a small scale study, the most common forms of statistical analysis presented are:

•         Frequency

•         Mean

•         Percentage

There are so many statistical designs for data analysis like ANNOVA, FACTORIAL DESIGN.

Software for data analysis

Ø SPSS

Ø STATA

Ø SPLUS

Hence by using the above concepts and information:

o   We can conduct collection of data whether qualitative or quantitative

o   Can protect the integrity of the data

o   And efficient analysis of data using various statistical tools

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