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In the 1700s, there was a great deal of debate in the scientific community as to

ID: 1267519 • Letter: I

Question

In the 1700s, there was a great deal of debate in the scientific community as to the nature of heat. Many scientists believed that heat was somewhat like a "juice," already in a material and available to be "squeezed out" by friction. In a famous experiment, Count Rumford (originally a royalist American who was driven out to England, but settled in Bavaria) disproved this idea and showed that heat is another form of energy equivalent to mechanical energy. In those times, cannons were created by having horses power a drill bit that ground continually into metal cylinders. Rumford submerged this basic apparatus into a large tank of water of known mass and was thereby able to calculate the heat generated by a (literally) one horsepower engine. If this apparatus was perfectly efficient (all of the horse's work goes directly into heat), how much would 100 kg of water (about 26 gallons) heat up in 2 hours? 1 horsepower = 746 Watts. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.25 x 106 J/kg. The latent heat of fusion of water is 3.34 x 105 J/kg. The specific heat of water is 4.19 x 103 J/kg °C.

Explanation / Answer

Q = m c dt

Q = P t

746*2*60*60 = 100*4.19E3*dT

dT=12.82 C

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