Mr. B, a 47-year-old man, 6 ft 2 in tall and weighing 200 lb, is admitted to the

Question

Mr. B, a 47-year-old man, 6 ft 2 in tall and weighing 200 lb, is admitted to the hospital with chest pain. Three days after admission, at patient care rounds, it is discovered that Mr. B has gained 30 pounds over the last 2 years. Review of the medical record reveals the following laboratory data: LDL: 240 (desirable <130), HDL 30 (desirable >50), triglyceride 350 (desirable <150). Blood pressure is 120/85. Current medications: multivitamin/mineral daily. Cardiac catheterization is scheduled for tomorrow. Diet history reveals frequent consumption of high fat foods.

1- Calculate Mr. B’s current BMI and his BMI two years ago? What is the significance of the change? Show your work (4)

2- What foods choices will influence his lipid panel? Be specific (4)

3- Mr B wants to know what a functional food is, what can you tell him ? Give three examples of functional foods and how they could benefit Mr B ?(5)

4- Mr B has heard that garlic may help his high cholesterol, what can you tell him? (3)

5- Mr B needs to find ways to reduce his “oxidative stress”, what foods (be specific) will help with this? (4)

6- Mr B uses a mint vapor as aromatherapy before bedtime, is this considered a dietary supplement? Why or why not? List the FDA criteria for a dietary supplement (5)

Explanation / Answer

1. ANS:

Mr. B’s current BMI:

BMI Categories:
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5–24.9
Overweight = 25–29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

BMI = Weight in kilograms / (Height in meters) 2

Height: 6 feet, 2 inch

Weight: 200 pounds

Age: 47Years

Gender: Male

Calculation:

The calculation of the body mass index is based on a height of 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) and a weight of 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms).

BMI = 26

Mr. B’s body mass index (BMI) is calculated as exactly 25.7 kilograms per square meter.

Mr. B’s two years ago BMI:

Height: 6 feet, 2 inch

Weight: 170 pounds (200 pounds- 30 pounds)

Age: 45 Years

Calculation

The calculation of the body mass index is based on a height of 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) and a weight of 170 pounds (77.1 kilograms).

BMI = 22

Mr. B’s body mass index (BMI) is calculated as exactly 21.8 kilograms per square meter.

Significance change in Mr.B:

During the past 2 years Mr. B has gained 30 pounds over the last 2 years, so his BMI increased 22 to 26. 2 years before he his BMI was in normal condition but now he was classified under "overweight" category.

2. ANS:

A lipid panel is a blood test that measures fatty substances and lipids-fats in our body. The food components that affect the lipid profile are the cholesterol, unsaturated fats, saturated and trans fats, soluble fiber, plant protein, and phytosterols. So do not eat high fat foods and do not drink alcohol the night before the test.

3. ANS: Functional food refers to foods or ingredients of foods providing an additional physiological benefit beyond their basic nutritional needs.

The role of functional foods in prevention and treatment of several diseases is tremendous. Cancer, diabetes, heart disease and hypertension are the most important diseases that can be treated or prevented by functional foods.

Oats: Oat products are a widely studied dietary source of the cholesterol-lowering soluble fiber b-glucan. This food can reduce total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Flaxseed: Among the major seed oils, flaxseed oil contains the most (57%) of the omega-3 fatty acid, a-linolenic acid.

Fish: Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are an essential class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived primarily from fish oil. It is good for heart.

Dairy Products: There is no doubt that dairy products are functional foods. They are one of the best sources of calcium, an essential nutrient which can prevent osteoporosis and possibly colon cancer.

4. ANS: Several research studies involved in both humans and animals can suggest that the garlic can lower cholesterol levels. Garlic decrease the “bad” cholesterol level and whereas “good” cholesterol was not affected by the administration of garlic.

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