When Na+ -channel is opened in a receptor, it will lead to a. depolarization b.

Question

When Na+ -channel is opened in a receptor, it will lead to

a. depolarization

b. hyperpolarization

c. repolarization

d. polarization

e. neurotransmitter release

When Cl– -channel is opened in the post-synaptic receptor, the synapse would be

a. an excitatory synapse.

b. an inhibitory synapse.

c. a neutral synapse.

d. an electrical synapse.

e. non-functional synapse

17. Which receptor is known to be involved in synaptic plasticity that induces long-term potentiation (LTP)?

a. NMDA glutamate receptor

b. non-NMDA glutamate receptor

c. GABAA receptor

d. mu-opioid receptor

e. nicotinic-ACh receptor

Which receptor is targeted to enhance the prefrontal cortex (PFC) executive function to treat ADHD/ADD?

a. dopamine D4 receptor

b. serotonin receptor

c. NMDA glutamate receptor

d. GABAB receptor

e. nicotinic ACh receptor

43. Quantal release of neurotransmitters is usually released from

a. synaptic vesicles.

b. cytoplasm.

c. gap junction.

d. blood-brain barrier.

e. myelins.

Which experiment is used to prove that release of dopamine induced by amphetamine is not coming from vesicular release?

a. dopamine is released by activation of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron without amphetamine.

b. dopamine release only in the presence of magnesium.

c. dopamine release is dependent on depolarization of post-synaptic cell.

d. dopamine release from axon terminal can occur in Ca++ free medium.

e. dopamine release is quantal in amount.

The transport of dopamine into the synaptic vesicle by VMAT is dependent on which mechanism?

a. binding with Ca++ ions.

b. entry of Ca++ ions.

c. exchange of H+ ions out of the vesicle along the pH gradient.

d. activation of dopamine transporter.

e. inhibition of dopamine autoreceptor.

51. Which one of the following is an experimental evidence that demonstrates the reverse-transport model of amphetamine action? At high concentration of amphetamine,

a. it shows saturation kinetics when all the transporters are occupied and reversed.

b. it requires Ca++ ions entry to release neuotransmitters.

c. it requires action potential firings at the pre-synaptic terminal.

d. it is broken down by the COMT enzyme at the synapse, rendering it useless.

e. it is synthesized by the presynaptic neuron.

Explanation / Answer

1. a. depolarization

Glutamate, GABA, and acetylcholine induce the opening of specific ionic gates in the postsynaptic membranes. Glutamate opens Na+ gates that allows the movement of Na+ to the neuron and leads to depolarization.

2. b. an inhibitory synapse

GABA opens Cl- gates and allows the movement of Cl- into the neuron. This leads to hyperpolarization and inhibits action potential.

3. a. NMDA glutamate receptor

The NMDA receptor-gated channel is usually blocked by Mg2+. Glutamate activates the channel when the postsynaptic neuron is sufficiently depolarized. This relieves the Mg2+ barrier of the channel.

4. a. dopamine D4 receptor

5. a. synaptic vesicles

Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft through the quanta or synaptic vesicles.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse W
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.