12. Helpful ways of reducing stress include: a. relaxation methods such as yoga,
ID: 131455 • Letter: 1
Question
12. Helpful ways of reducing stress include:
a. relaxation methods such as yoga, etc
b. aerobic exercise
c. reducing caffeine intake
d. all of the above are useful///
13. When goals are ________, performance will tend to be higher.
a. presented vague and ambiguously
b. very easy to achieve
c. presented in a such a way that the worker can see no connection to their own goals.
d. none of the above help goals to drive higher levels of performance.
14.. The expectancy valence theory is a cognitive theory of motivation since it involves how motivation is driven by how people think about the level of high performance likely to result from effort as well as the reward for achieving high performance.
15. The difference between eustress and distress is negligible, they both have negative outcomes since they both involve stress.
16. Perception is important to study in classes on organizational behavior since perception is a major part of our everyday situation at work and it influences only plays a small part in how supervisors evaluate employees’ work performance.
17. A perception of inequity in the workplace may indicate which of the following:
a. the presence of way too much projection going on;
b. Supervisors under the influence of Halo Effects are giving certain employees better performance evaluations than other employees doing the same amount and same quality of work.
c. b, and d.
d. Supervisors are not trained to be as bias-free as possible, in terms of bias either favorable or unfavorable towards their employees, and which is cause by whether they like the employee or not.
19. Effective and healthy methods to decrease distress in the long-term:
a. aerobic exercise (i.e.,, exercise that increases breathing rates, increases of heart rate, etc and is sustained)
b. since stress, from a physiological perspective, indicates a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, then use a substance that has the opposite effect( such as ingestion of an alcohol-containing beverage or taking opioid medications..
c. exercises such as bowling, playing golf using a golf cart, shuffleboard the lik;e
d. eating a lot of comfort food to ease tension (such as ice cream, chocolate, candy, cookies, etc.), all of which induce a state of relaxation.
20. To understand the behavior of people in a work setting, the most important thing is to study what makes people happy at work.
Explanation / Answer
12. All of the above are useful for reducing stress. It is known that physical exercises reduce stress due to the release of endorphins, which acts as an assuage, and alleviates stress. And an increase in caffeine in the body can increase the cortisol levels in the blood, which is the stress hormone.
13. When goals are none of the above help goals to drive higher levels of performance, because goals cannot be ambiguous as there need to be a well organized game plan chartered in order to tackle the problems; also, if they are very easy to achieve it creates a wrong attitude in an individuals mind as they always expect to encounter easy goals.
14. False. According to Vroom the expectancy valence theory is a motivation theory that states that an individuals performance is dependent on characteristics of an individuals personality. And, the performance is driven by a need to maximize the pleasure and minimize the pain.
15. False. Eustress is the positive stress as it is beneficial in nature, which is required in ones lifetime in order to achieve goals, and it provides satisfaction, it is something a newly pregnant woman would experience who has been wanting to start a family.
And, distress is the negative from of stress which is involved in inhibiting the normal functions of an individual. Distress is usually the type of stress that an individual finds hard to cope with and hence is burdened by its persistence and hence cumulative effect.
16. False. Perception plays a huge role in the evaluation of an employees work performance.
17. C. Halo affect is a form of cognitive bias that makes an individual extrapolate a few good qualities into a whole form, evaluating a person well completely in every aspect despite that not being the case. And if the supervisors aren't trained in keeping at bay this cognitive bias it can infiltrate into performance appraisals.
19. A. as explained in question number 12, physical activity helps alleviate stress and anxiety due to its known affect on endorphins which assuage the discomfort.
20. True. It is of utmost importance to comprehend human behavior especially apropos organizations in order to help the individuals involved grow personally, which would have a positive correlation, hence, with the organizations overall performance.
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