1.Why is ventilation in birds considered much more efficient than the respirator
ID: 132100 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Why is ventilation in birds considered much more efficient than the respiratory system of humans and other animals?
2. Briefly describe and explain the changes in blood pressure as blood flows from the arteries to capillaries to veins.
3. How did the development of the amniotic egg allow certain animals to successfully colonize land? Which animals produce an amniotic egg?
4. Explain the difference between intracellular digestion and extracellular digestion. Where do each of these take place in the body?
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Explanation / Answer
Ventilation in birds is considered much more efficient than the respiratory system of humans and other animals because birds' lungs have unidirectional flow of air and therefore gas exchange surfaces are continuously ventilated with fresh and oxygenated air. The heart pump oxygenated and de oxygenated blood throughout the body by involving arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Blood moves from the area of to low hydrostatic pressure.hydrosataic pressure os found to be very high in the arterial region which is near the heart. So blood flows to the smaller arteries where the blood flow is slowed down by the narrow openings of those small arteries. Amniotic egg is an evolutionary change that allowed few reptiles to colonize land. Fishes and amphibians must lay their eggs in water. But amniotic eggs allows them to lay their egg on land. Amniotic egg has a tough surrounding called shell that protects the egg from any damage as well as drying. The shell has tiny pores through which the oxygen passes whuch allows the embryos' survival as well. Then there are four sacs inside the shell,namely - chorion, amnion, allantois and yolk sac. These sacs collectively provides a proper environment for the embryo to grow. Reptiles, birds and mammals all have amniotic eggs, so, they are called amniotes. The basic difference between extracellular and intracellular digestion is that intracellular digestion takes place inside the cell while extracellular digestion takes place outside the cell. Extracellular digestion takes place in the gastrointestinal cavity. Intracellular digestion takes place in the cell's cytoplasm.
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