39. Situations when only a few individuals survive unfavorable times, thereby lo

Question

39. Situations when only a few individuals survive unfavorable times, thereby losing the majority of genotypes in the next generation, are called A) natural selection D) industrial melanism E) a founder effect B) vestigial structures C) a bottleneck effect 40. Which of the following IS NOT necessary for natural selection to occur? A) inheritable variation B) small genotypically homogenous population C) competition D) differential reproductive success E) all of these are necessary 41. True or False Relative dating relies on the principles of superposition. 42. Radiometric dating is used for A) relative dating B) absolute dating C) periodic dating D) interspacial dating E) both A and B 43 ElementX has a half-life of 6000 years. If you examine a fossil and find only 12.5% of the original amount of element X, the age of the specimen would be A) 3,000 years B) 6,000 years C) 9,000 years D) 18,000 years E) 24,000 years 44. Organic material that has become mineralized and completely turned to stone has undergone A) compression B) petrifaction C) casting E) intact preservation 45. The study of distribution of different species with regard to continental drift is A) comparative anatomy B) comparative fossilization D) biogeography 46. Structures that share different functions, but similar origins are A) homologous structure B) analogous structures C) vestigial structures D) insignificant structure E) either A or B would be correct 47. Divergent evolution suggest "descent with modification" from ancestral species. Which of these best illustrates this concept? A) homologous structure B) analogous structures C) vestigial structures D) insignificant structure E) either A or 8 would be correct

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

39. (C) Bottleneck effect

Evolutionary bottleneck occurs when there is an abrupt reduction in the size of a population due to harsh environmental conditions, such as floods, earth quake, etc.

40. (B) Small genotypically homogeneous population

Some degree of genotypic variation is necessary for natural selection to take place.

41. True

Relative dating is based on the principle of superposition (one of the 6 principles) which suggests that the oldest layers in a sedimentary rock are at the bottom in an undisturbed succession event.

42. (B) Absolute dating

Radiometric dating is an absolute dating method where comparison is done with regard to the proportion of a stable daughter isotope present in the sample with the proportion of a parent isotope.

(Since there are multiple questions, the first 4 questions have been answered according to the rules of Chegg)

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