1) You discover a fossil of an extinct mammal high in the Andes. Would you predi
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Question
1) You discover a fossil of an extinct mammal high in the Andes. Would you predict that this mammal would be more closely related to present-day mammals living in the South American jungles, or present-day mammals living high in the mountains of Africa?
2) Explain and gives at least one example of how gene flow can be reduced between two different subpopulations without a geographic barrier.
3) Describe the ancestors of the Plant Kingdom.
4) Explain the concept of evaporative transpiration. What is it and how does it work?
5) Some complex organs, like the vertebrate eye, require a minimum level of complexity to perform their functions. Darwinian evolution cannot produce complex structures in one generation, but natural selection will only favor structures that are currently useful. Given that this is true, how is it possible for complex structures like eyes to originate through Darwinian evolution?
6) Briefly explain the difference between Bacteria and Archaea.
7) Protista used to be considered a kingdom, like Kingdom Animalia or Kingdom Fungi. Explain why it is no longer considered a kingdom.
8) Among the various plant species, there are basically two different ways that sperm is delivered to the egg for fertilization. Describe these two different ways, and identify which is used by each of the four major plant groups, bryophytes, seedless vascular, gymnosperm and angiosperm.
9) We humans are more closely related to starfish than we are to insects, earthworms, or snails. Describe the evidence or reasoning behind this statement.
10) In lab, we discussed how some species are keystone species, species that have an unusually large influence on community structure and organization. Explain how Phytopthora ramorum, which causes sudden oak death (SOD), could be considered a keystone species in the forests and savannas of California and the western United States. How was it introduced to these communities?
11) Movie monsters like Godzilla, the Cloverfield monster, and the kaiju from Pacific Rim are about an order of magnitude bigger than the largest known dinosaurs. Explain some of the physical constraints that make animals of such immense size unlikely.
Explanation / Answer
1) The fossil of an extinct mask that lived high in the Andes mountains would closely resemble present day animals of the south American jungles. This is because they would be having common ancestors since the Andes is in the south American continent.
If there occurred a convergent evolution between animals living in Andes mountain and the African continent, the fossil would resemble the animals of Africa.
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