You are trying to identify the fungal organism below, observing its hyphae along

Question

You are trying to identify the fungal organism below, observing its hyphae along with another cell type you believe is part of the same organism:

2. [11 points] You are trying to identify the fungal organism below, observing its hyphae along with another cell type you believe is part of the same prganism Other cell Hyphae Nuclei Cell wall Is the hyphae haploid, diploid, or dikaryotic? What about the "other cell"? [2 points What does this "other cell" tell us about this organism's mode of reproduction? What process will the other cell" likely undergo next? [4 points Based on the characteristics above, list the fungal groups that this organism could belong to (show your work/explain your logic). What derived trait could you use to narrow this down to a single group (define this trait in your answer)? [5 points

Explanation / Answer

1) Hyphae is haploid as the contains spores which are haploid(N), and the other cell is dikaryotic. Dikaryotic phase is the one in which fusion of cytoplasms of two cells occur, while their nuclei remain separate.
2) The other cell is dikaryotic and hence the fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. In this mode of reproduction, cell division takes place in three different phases that include haploid phase, dikaryotic, and diploid. The spores produced are haploid in nature, and germinate into mycelium. These mycelium cytoplasm fuse with other mycelium cytoplasm(plasmogamy), without the fusion of nucleus. Hence, a new cell is formed having two nucleus and one cytoplasm, this condition is called dikaryotic. This dikaryotic cell nuclei fuse to form a zygote, which is diploid. The diploid zygote then divides meiotically to form haploid spores.
The other cell will next undergo nuclear fusion(karyogamy) to form a zygote, which is diploid(2N). This zygote then divides by meiosis to form haploid structures called spores.

3) Fungi reproduce asexually or sexually. Perfect fungi use both sexual and asexual modes for reproduction, while imperfect fungi reproduce asexually. The fungi group shown in the figure are perfect fungi, that include ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes. This group of fungi reproduce forming haploid hyphae as well as dikaryotic cell in their whole cycle of reproduction.
Ascomycetes is the group of fungi that produce spores in sac-like structures known as asci. These asci vary in shape from spherical to cylindrical. Each asci produce different number of spores.
Basidiomycetes is the group of fungi in which the spores are produced in cell projections, also known as basidia. They are basically club-shaped and hence are also knowan as club fungi.
Zygomycetes group reproduce sexually or asexually. In its sexual reproduction, conjugation of gametangia occurs to form diploid zygospore.

As given in the figure, the first structure shows us an elongated hyphae with number of spores in it. This characteristic is similar to ascomycetes as in ascomycetes the spores are present in sacs that have varied structure. The given fungi is of ascomycetes group.

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