I need help please CHAPTER 18 Immune Disorders 527 CLINICAL CASE STUDY The First

Question

I need help please CHAPTER 18 Immune Disorders 527 CLINICAL CASE STUDY The First Time's Not the Problem Steven, an eight-year-old boy, is brought to your office Monday morning by his father to have his upper arm checked for a possible infection. Dad is worried because the area of a bee sting on the boy's arm is getting more red, itchy, and tender. The father gave him some children's acetaminophen yesterday, which relieved the dis- comfort somewhat. There is no history of medical problems or allergies, and the child takes no regular medication. He is otherwise feeling well, and his father tells you he is playing and eating normally. There is no previous history of bee stings, and Steven proudly tells you he "hardly even cried" when he got stung. lupus There is a half-dollar-sized area on his left upper arm that is y depopuffy and red, but there is no streaking or drainage, and the area and is does not appear to be infected. Steven's temperature is normal, and his lungs are clear. racter- 1. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Steven a, auto- ntilym ibodies n some ptoms 2. What other over-the-counter medication might relieve 3. What mechanism is causing the signs and symptoms you 4. Since the area is not infected, what future health risk for 5. What can be done to determine future risk from a bee manifesting? the itching? are seeing? his son should the father be made aware of? sting? ke dis- LE has drugs6. How would you recognize a severe allergic reaction? ticoids ition of tery of 7. What precautions can the family take to protect the boy from future reactions?

Explanation / Answer

1. Steven is showing type I hypersensitivity.

2. over the counter edicine like antihistamine cream can be used to lower the itching.

3. Type I hypersensiivity is activated by IgE antibody. In this type of reaction, IgE antibodies are produced, which in turn get attached with mast cell and basophils followed by release of histamine and heparin.

4. Future risks includes

i) swelling of the area and can becomes extremely red.

ii) the upper left arm entirely can show swelleing.

iii) presence of hedache and fever.

5. To rule out the possibility of future complications a blood test can be done to check the effect of venome of bee by measuring the amount of antibody which are produced due to the allergy.

6. Severe allergic reactions can be ruled out if somebody shows the following symptoms-

i) difficulty in breathing.

ii) presence of severe swelling

iii)nausea and vomiting tendency

iv) low blood pressure

v) increased heart rate

7. To reduce the risk of be sting following measures can be taken-

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