Urinary System Lab Activity: Urinalysis Background Urinalysis, the physical, che
ID: 135675 • Letter: U
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Urinary System Lab Activity: Urinalysis Background Urinalysis, the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis or examination of urine can provide information about a person's carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes), kidney and liver function, acid-base balance, and urinary tract infections. Different measurements including specific gravity, pH, and the concentrations of several different components of urine are used in the diagnosis of different diseases. Some of the substances measured, such as protein or glucose, are rarely if ever present at detectable levels in the urine of a healthy person. Other parameters, such as specific gravity (a measure of total solutes...distilled water has a specific gravity- and pH, fluctuate over a wide range depending on diet, health status, and fluid intake. The table below presents expected normal urinalysis test values and explains the significance of each parameter measured. Note: The only parameters that are included in the chart are those used in today's lab Expected rangeSigmificance ef positive test (or abnormal rangej light to dark yellow redsess due to Nood from glomerwlar injury, infections transparent, not cloudy (not turbid)/possile infection (presence of leukocytes) slightly aromatic, but mot fruity or like acetone, no ammonia/ketosis, possible negative/ possile diabetes meWitus negativel inflammationnjury of wrogenital tract or kidneys, meestrwal contamination 46-80, normal or abnormal/conninmously very acidie wrine may indicate acidosis continuously very aikaline urine may indicate alkalosis or microbial infection o advanced diahetes wellins rinary tract Unfortunately, there was a mix-up at a nearby laboratory. Due to a back-up of samples at the lab that need to be re-tested, your class was selected to confirm the results that they obtained. You will be provided with five different urine samples and the results of your class's controlled tests. You will analyze those results and match them to the correct patients. Tests Performed: ) pH paper color changes from orange depending on pH, key is on the side of package 2) Benedict's solution turns from blue to orange (when heated), if glucose is present 3) Biuret reagent-turns from dark blue to pink/purple if protein is present DO NOT HEAT 4) Silver nitrate forms a white precipitate in the presence of excess chloride ions 5) Urine color- don't forget to observe the color and clarity of the sample RELEASES TOXIC FUMES! Patient Descriptions:Explanation / Answer
Answer 8. Patient #1 is suffering from Diabetes mellitus. Evidences are sweet scent in urine, extreme thirst and increased appetite.
It is a disorder of the pancreas where they produce less insulin hormone or totally stops it. As a result, the polymerisation of glucose to glycogen does not take place and it remains in the blood. This blood when gets filtered by kidney, it is glucose rich urine which is excreted out. Extreme thirst and hunger are also the signs of this disease. Because of absence of glycogen in the body, hunger becomes frequent.
Answer 9. Patient #5 has urinary infection. Evidences are pain while urination and fever. Fever itself is a sign of infection in the body suggesting that an internal fight is going on between the antigen and the antibody. Pain is also being observed in the urine infection.
Answer 10. Patient #3 has Addison's disease. Evidences are hyper-pigmentation and dehydration.
Answer 11. Patient #2 has chronic kidney failure. Evidences are swollen foot, dark urine, increased blood pressure, kidneys sensitive to pressure. Kidneys control the normal blood pressure by angiotensin hormone, normal colour of urine is not dark.
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