Exam Questions for Cell Biology, Summer 2018 . Describe and explain the role of

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Exam Questions for Cell Biology, Summer 2018 . Describe and explain the role of eyclins and cdks on cell cycle regulation. Also, what happens to their ype of propeins are ach of them? Include the information found in Chapter 18 in figures 4, 5, 9, 10, and 17 2. Draw and explain Figure 18-16, which is on cdc6. Explain in detail how this prevents in Figure 18-15, which is on p53. How does a mutation in p53 end up causing ancer? Draw and explain and integrate Fures 18-35, 18-37, 18.38, 1-39 and 18-40, which is on apoptosis. Includea comprehensive coverage udlizing the information from pages 634-639. . Professionally, describe and explain condensins and cohesins. 6. How do microtubules Tind the kiy nt tem tiey slaerd rvem if Soverhg . Contrast Anaphase A and B. When do they happen relative to each other? reets Describe the concept of therapeutic cloning, Describe the different general methods proposed. Include the different sources of cells. 9. Describe in detail how somatic cells are change 10. Describe and explain in molecular detail the different cell junctions. Be sure to include the information found into pluripotent stem cells. Include the molecular details in Figures 20-24, 20-27, 20-29 and 20-31. Adineiens, Desenosonre, Cop gunchon 1. Draw and explain the breakdown of the nuclear envelope: Figure 18-30. 42. Describe, explain and draw Figures 20-48. 20-49 and 20-50, which is on how some genetic changes çause 20-4 cancer. Scan t colloga u3. What is the nature of the extracellular matrix of animal cells! What fibers predominate? What creates it? Cont Of what use is it What is fibronectin? What are integrin dimmersti os mat at 14. How do sister chromosomes "ind" each other? How does meiosis differ from mitosis that makes it so IN gametes can be generated from the process of meiosis? What extra event must occur to Give detailed explanation. Include the information found in Figure 19-8. Define: proteoglyca Gleevec, myostatin, and homologous chromosomes. n, hyaluronan, lumen, plasmodesmata, inner cell mass, pluripotent, proto-oncogene, :16. Describe the events that take place when cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria 47. Define: 'fibronectin, lintegrin, Icollagen, 'proteoglycan, Soncogene, (cytochrome c, 7apoptosis, 8caspase, ypnsTis cohesin, l0condensin, IImitogen, l?germ cel, Badherens junction, 'apical, 15basal lamina dcadherin, 17desmosome, lembryonic stem cell, rnbroblast, 20 wnt protein,?hal an omologou

Explanation / Answer

8. Therapeutic cloning (aka somatic cell nuclear transfer) involves the use of embryonic stem cell ‘lines’ for medical purposes. For this the nucleus carrying the genetic material is removed from the donor cell (any cell of the body) and is then transfered into the egg which is hollow i.e, the nucleus from the egg has also been removed. This hybrid cell is then stimulated to grow for 4- 5 days after which embryonic stem cells are removed from these cells. These can be further used to create many embryonic stem cells in culture.
If the newly formed embryo is transferred into the womb of a woman, then it is called Reproductive cloning.

13. The extracellular matrix has three major components:
Structural proteins: collagen and elastin
proteoglycans such as heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate - these act as cushion cells
Adhesive glycoproteins - to attach cells to matrix - fibronectins and laminins

The molecules in ECM are secreted by surrounding supporting cells. The ECM provides the physical microenvironment in which cells exist. It provides a substrate for cell anchorage, serves as a tissue scaffold, guides cell migration during embryonic development and wound repair, and has a key role in tissue morphogenesis. The extracellular matrix is also responsible for transmitting environmental signals to cells, which ultimately affects cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Fibronectins are glycoproteins that bind cells to the matrix by bridging cell surface receptors to the ECM. Integrins are heterodimers and are the principal receptors used by animal cells to bind to the extracellular matrix.

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