QUESTION 27 Which O A Neutrophil O B. Macrophage O C.Plasma cell O D Helper cell

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QUESTION 27 Which O A Neutrophil O B. Macrophage O C.Plasma cell O D Helper cell cell will respond latest in the course of a typical inflammation? E. Since inflammation is a continuum, none of these is really first QUESTION 28 T-dependent antigen-antibody synthesis does not require the use of the APC, unlike T-independent antigen-a O A True O B. False QUESTION 29 The major histocompatibiltity complex refers to a set of genes that code for non-self antigens O A. True O B. False QUESTION 30 A primary immune response will generally be faster than a secondary immune response O A True O B. False QUESTION 31 It is possible for a person to recover from a disease and still be in a contagious state O A True o B False QUESTION 32 Pathogenicity refers to the severity of disease that a pathogen causes Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.

Explanation / Answer

27.) A- NEUTROPHILS : Inflammation is either acute or chronic. Acute occurs within seconds or minutes after inflammating cause. It has mainly three components

a) dilation of small vessels leading to increase in blood flow

b) increased permeability of microvasculature or capillaries

c) emigration of leucocytes ( mainly neutrophils) from microvasculature, their accumultation in the focus of injury, and their activation to eliminate the offending agents.

Emigration of neutrophils is mediated and controlled by adhesion molecules and cytokines called chemokines.

Steps:- Margination, that is, The neutrophils assume peripheral position in vessels

Rolling, they roll on vessel wall

Adhesion to endothelium which is maintained by complementary adhesion molecules(CAM)

Diapedesis, that is , mgration of neutrophils tgrough endothelium

Chemotaxis, means migration in tissues toward a chemotactic stimulus. That can be bacterial products.

28) False : antigen presenting cells are complex molecukes which together with Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) present antigen on their cell surfaces. Then T- cells recognise them by using T-cell receptors.

APC are necessary for effective adaptive immunity for both Cytotoxic and Helper T-cells.

Action: after dendritic cells have killed ( phagocyosed) the pathogen they start migrating to lymphatic vessels, where APC interact with T-cells. And further killing and breaking of pathogens follow.

29) FALSE: MHC (major histocompatibility complex) is a set of cell surface proteins which help in inflammation processes and immune response of body.

Their function is to display peptide fragments of protein antigens for recognition by antigen specific T cells.

30) B. FALSE. Secondary immune response is faster than primary immune response becuse it occurs due to second contact of same amtingen after some time of primary infection. Memory cells are produced during primary immune rrespose and there iis a lag phaphase of around 7-10 days in primary immune response during which the inflammation process continues aand antibody generation decreases.

But in Seconday immune response, there are antibodies(IgG) already against that pathogen and memory cells are also there which decrease the lag phase to just 1-3 days.

And antibody produced is 100-1000 times more than primary response and remain high for a longer period.

31) TRUE:- this is possible if tge pathogen that attacked the body was suppresed by immune system and not permanently killed or removed. In such a case the pathogen will not produce any symptoms but will remain there inside the body at an appropriate place for it. If the triggering factor ever appears after that it can become active again and produce tge disease.

For example, Thyphoid, a person is infective or contagious even after he recovers from the disease. It can be tge cae of Typhoid Marry, a cook, who infected several persons by cooking food for them.

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