Can a parent follow these very specific directions? Is saying \"give your child
ID: 138552 • Letter: C
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Can a parent follow these very specific directions? Is saying "give your child Tylenol" any better? 88. Why are there more frequent drug interactions with older adults than with any other age group? 89. A 75-year-old man who is taking no other medications receives an oral dose of a drug that is normally 100% excreted by the kidneys (it undergoes no hepatic metabolism. Remarkably (and theoretically!) this patient has the renal function of a healthy 25 year old! Will the plasma half-life be the same (or similar) with this patient as compared to the 25 y/o? Will giving the 75 ylo the same dose as the 25 ylo cause exactly (or approximately!) the same response(s-type, intensity, onset, duration, and so on-that we would see in the 25 y/o? Why or why not? 90. Your patient, age 14 months, is to receive Penicillin V. She weighs 11.9 kg. The order reads: administer 50 mg/kg in 4 divided doses. Using the body weight method, how much penicillin V will you give this patient in one dose? a. 595 mg. b. 150 mg. c. 100 mg. d. 1 gram. An active 2-year-old patient is receiving an intravenous infusion of heparin. To minimize adverse effects from the drug therapy the nurse should a. run the IV solution by gravity b. activate the lock feature on the pump's infusion rate. c. place enough volume in the microdrip calibrated chamber to last 4 hours. d. check the IV infusion site once a shift. 91. When administering drug therapy to an adolescent, the nurse should a. direct all questions to the parents. b. provide stickers and prizes for taking drug therapy c. offer explanations and teaching directly to the patient d. maintain slight control over all aspects of drug administration. 92. 93. You are caring for a newborn infant who was born by cesarean section. The mother receives morphine for pain after the cesarean section and is breastfeeding the infant. What are the major risks to the infant and why?Explanation / Answer
88. Adults over age 65 buy 30 percent of prescription drugs and 40 percent of all over-the -counter drugs.Another reason is that most of the older patients has malfunctions of kidneys and liver.Drug interactions is one of thesevere problem faced by older adults.it occurs when two or more drugs are mixed in the body ,they may interact with each other and produc uncomfortable or even dangerous sideeffects.This is especially a problem for older adults because they are much more likely to take more than one drug.They are also more likely to suffer from chronic illness ,so long term use of medicine may increase the risk of adverse drug reactions.
89 a No.beRenal function progressively decl;ines with advancing age .A reduction in renal plasma flow,renal tubular clearance and creatinine clearance and an increase in serum creatinine occur in the elderly ,due to their decline in muscle mass.Altered renal clearances leads to two clinically significant effects-prolonged half lives of drugs and an increase in their serum levels..For drugs with narrow therapeutic index ,serious sideeffects may occur in older patients if appropriate dose reductions are not applied.
bNo,The pharmacologic treatment of diseases in elderly patients is a great challenge for manifold reasons .Firstly age influences drug absorption due to various factors such as arise in gastric pH ,reduction in gastrointestinal motilty and reduction in splanchnic blood flow .Secondly reduced lean body mass and increased body fat result in higher concentration of drugs such as lithium that are distributed in the body fluids,increasing the distribution and prlonging the half-life elimination of fat-soluble drugs .The metabolic clearance of hepatic and renal eliminated drugs may decrease with age ,resulting in slower drug clearance.The presence of medical illes and increase in age may result in pharmacodynamic changes.Also there are many drugs that are contraindicated for the elderly and therefore much caution is required to treat them.
90 calculate the dosage by weight first
50mg/kg*11.9=595mg/day.
The physician prescribes Pencillin 4 doses in 24 hours.
595mg/day/4=148.75mg for each dose.
149.0mg
91d Every 8 hrs inspect line/surgical wound sites for bleeding and check patients for symptoms indicating bleeding such as hematomas,bruising and respiratory dymptoms
92c Explain how medications work and why they are given as the adolescents level.Work with adolescent to plan schedule of medicine.
93Adverse effects of drugs are more severe and more likely to occur in children because of ythe immature body systems of children.Newborns and young children may experience serious adverse effects from direct administration of a drug or through their mothers use of a medication.Many drugs also cross into breast milk ,although the dosage that reaches the infant is very small .Nursing mothers should be educated about possible risks to infant.
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