Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

WELLNESS WORKSHEET Facts About the Body\'s Defenues Against Infection List and d

ID: 139313 • Letter: W

Question

WELLNESS WORKSHEET Facts About the Body's Defenues Against Infection List and dencribe theee of the boldly's phoywical or chemical bartiers againt nlection Where ave these imune defenders produced Describe each of the following types of cells and esplaia deir roile in the immane respotse Neutrophils Nanural killer Killer Telh.dn.. Sappressor T cells B cells Memory T and B cells 3 What are antibodies? What is their role in the immune response? (over) nsel/Roth Core Concepes in Health Brief Ninth Edition 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 13

Explanation / Answer

1. Three physical or chemical barriers of infection are

             a) Skin

                       Skin is the largest organ of our body and act as a physical barrier to protect from

                       infections.

            b) WBC (White blood cells)

                          WBC cells are part of the blood in the circulatory system which function as a chemical

                          barrier during the time of infection and kill all the micro organisms.

             c) Mucous membarine

                        Mucous membarine act as a physical barrier and secretions and hair present in the

                             membarine protect body from infectious agents.

2.* General type of cells carry out the immune response are WBC( white blood cells) or Leucocytes.

   * WBC produced by the haemopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow of the human body.

* Types of cells and their role in immune response

* Neutrophils

              It is a granulocyte cell in the WBC help to protect the body from microorganism through

              phagocytosis or ingestion of pathogens and releasing enzymes which kill micro organisms.

* Macrophages

              Macrophages are giant immune cells developed from monocytes in the bone marrow and

              protect the body from pathogens through eat them like neutrophils.

* Natural killer cells

             Natural killer cells are cytotoxic cells and is a lymphocytic cell which kill pathogens through

           releasing enzymes which kill the microorganisms.

* Helper T cells

          * Helper T cells are lymphocytic cells which help to kill pathogens through activation of

             B lymphocytes to produce antibodies and activate both macrophages and killler T cells

             to kill microorganisms.

* Killer T cells

             * Killer T cells are lymphocytic cells present in the body they activate during the presence of

                antigen and release cytokines which are substances help to send signals to macrophages

               and other immune cells to produce immune response against infection.

* Suppressor T cells

                Suppressor T cells are type of lymphocytes which help to avoid over reaction of the immune

                system through release of cytokines and binding of cell surface molecules like CTLA-4 on

                suppressor T cell to CF80.

* B cell

        B cells are a type of lymphocytes which produce antibodies help to kill pathogenic microorganisms

        through antigen antibody reaction.

* Memory B and T cells

         Memory B and T cells are produced by B and T lymphocytes which memorise the microorganism

         which produce infection and make immediate action in future when the same infection occur.

3. Antibodies and their role in immune response

            * Antibodies are Y shaped protiens or immunoglobulins produced by the lymphocytes which

             combine with antigens in the body and make antigen antibody reaction to neutralise the antigen.

            * Role of antibody in immune system are

                                          * Eliminate chances of infection through destruct antigens produced by the

                                              the mico organisms.

                                          * Antibodies react with any foreign substance entering into the body to protect

                                             health of the person.

                                         * Most of the antibodies developed during infection remain in the blood for a

                                           long time which is useful to reduce chances reoccurance of disease.

                                            ( eg: antibodies developed during chicken pox remain in the blood for

                                                   long time help to avoid reoccurance of disease.)